/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

/*
 Copyright (c) 2012-2023, Michael Angstadt
 All rights reserved.

 Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: 

 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
 list of conditions and the following disclaimer. 
 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
 this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
 and/or other materials provided with the distribution. 

 THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND
 ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
 WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
 DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR
 ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
 (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
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 SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

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 either expressed or implied, of the FreeBSD Project.
 */

package ezvcard.util.org.apache.commons.codec.binary;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.util.Arrays;

import ezvcard.util.org.apache.commons.codec.DecoderException;
import ezvcard.util.org.apache.commons.codec.EncoderException;

/**
 * Abstract superclass for Base-N encoders and decoders.
 *
 * <p>
 * This class is thread-safe.
 * </p>
 * <p>
 * <b><i>ez-vcard integration note</i></b>: Minor modifications were made to this class so that it could be
 * incorporated into the ez-vcard code base. Defining the Apache Commons Codec library as a project dependency causes
 * an issue with Android devices, which is why parts of its source code have been directly incorporated into the
 * ez-vcard code base.
 * </p>
 *
 * @version $Id: BaseNCodec.java 1634404 2014-10-26 23:06:10Z ggregory $
 */
public abstract class BaseNCodec {

    /**
     * Holds thread context so classes can be thread-safe.
     *
     * This class is not itself thread-safe; each thread must allocate its own copy.
     *
     * @since 1.7
     */
    static class Context {

        /**
         * Place holder for the bytes we're dealing with for our based logic.
         * Bitwise operations store and extract the encoding or decoding from this variable.
         */
        int ibitWorkArea;

        /**
         * Place holder for the bytes we're dealing with for our based logic.
         * Bitwise operations store and extract the encoding or decoding from this variable.
         */
        long lbitWorkArea;

        /**
         * Buffer for streaming.
         */
        byte[] buffer;

        /**
         * Position where next character should be written in the buffer.
         */
        int pos;

        /**
         * Position where next character should be read from the buffer.
         */
        int readPos;

        /**
         * Boolean flag to indicate the EOF has been reached. Once EOF has been reached, this object becomes useless,
         * and must be thrown away.
         */
        boolean eof;

        /**
         * Variable tracks how many characters have been written to the current line. Only used when encoding. We use
         * it to make sure each encoded line never goes beyond lineLength (if lineLength &gt; 0).
         */
        int currentLinePos;

        /**
         * Writes to the buffer only occur after every 3/5 reads when encoding, and every 4/8 reads when decoding. This
         * variable helps track that.
         */
        int modulus;

        Context() {
        }

        /**
         * Returns a String useful for debugging (especially within a debugger.)
         *
         * @return a String useful for debugging.
         */
        @SuppressWarnings("boxing") // OK to ignore boxing here
        @Override
        public String toString() {
            return String.format("%s[buffer=%s, currentLinePos=%s, eof=%s, ibitWorkArea=%s, lbitWorkArea=%s, " +
                    "modulus=%s, pos=%s, readPos=%s]", this.getClass().getSimpleName(), Arrays.toString(buffer),
                    currentLinePos, eof, ibitWorkArea, lbitWorkArea, modulus, pos, readPos);
        }
    }

    /**
     * EOF
     *
     * @since 1.7
     */
    static final int EOF = -1;

    /**
     *  MIME chunk size per RFC 2045 section 6.8.
     *
     * <p>
     * The {@value} character limit does not count the trailing CRLF, but counts all other characters, including any
     * equal signs.
     * </p>
     *
     * @see <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2045.txt">RFC 2045 section 6.8</a>
     */
    public static final int MIME_CHUNK_SIZE = 76;

    /**
     * PEM chunk size per RFC 1421 section 4.3.2.4.
     *
     * <p>
     * The {@value} character limit does not count the trailing CRLF, but counts all other characters, including any
     * equal signs.
     * </p>
     *
     * @see <a href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1421">RFC 1421 section 4.3.2.4</a>
     */
    public static final int PEM_CHUNK_SIZE = 64;

    private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_RESIZE_FACTOR = 2;

    /**
     * Defines the default buffer size - currently {@value}
     * - must be large enough for at least one encoded block+separator
     */
    private static final int DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE = 8192;

    /** Mask used to extract 8 bits, used in decoding bytes */
    protected static final int MASK_8BITS = 0xff;

    /**
     * Byte used to pad output.
     */
    protected static final byte PAD_DEFAULT = '='; // Allow static access to default

    /**
     * @deprecated Use {@link #pad}. Will be removed in 2.0.
     */
    @Deprecated
    protected final byte PAD = PAD_DEFAULT; // instance variable just in case it needs to vary later

    protected final byte pad; // instance variable just in case it needs to vary later

    /** Number of bytes in each full block of unencoded data, e.g. 4 for Base64 and 5 for Base32 */
    private final int unencodedBlockSize;

    /** Number of bytes in each full block of encoded data, e.g. 3 for Base64 and 8 for Base32 */
    private final int encodedBlockSize;

    /**
     * Chunksize for encoding. Not used when decoding.
     * A value of zero or less implies no chunking of the encoded data.
     * Rounded down to nearest multiple of encodedBlockSize.
     */
    protected final int lineLength;

    /**
     * Size of chunk separator. Not used unless {@link #lineLength} &gt; 0.
     */
    private final int chunkSeparatorLength;

    /**
     * Note <code>lineLength</code> is rounded down to the nearest multiple of {@link #encodedBlockSize}
     * If <code>chunkSeparatorLength</code> is zero, then chunking is disabled.
     * @param unencodedBlockSize the size of an unencoded block (e.g. Base64 = 3)
     * @param encodedBlockSize the size of an encoded block (e.g. Base64 = 4)
     * @param lineLength if &gt; 0, use chunking with a length <code>lineLength</code>
     * @param chunkSeparatorLength the chunk separator length, if relevant
     */
    protected BaseNCodec(final int unencodedBlockSize, final int encodedBlockSize,
                         final int lineLength, final int chunkSeparatorLength) {
        this(unencodedBlockSize, encodedBlockSize, lineLength, chunkSeparatorLength, PAD_DEFAULT);
    }

    /**
     * Note <code>lineLength</code> is rounded down to the nearest multiple of {@link #encodedBlockSize}
     * If <code>chunkSeparatorLength</code> is zero, then chunking is disabled.
     * @param unencodedBlockSize the size of an unencoded block (e.g. Base64 = 3)
     * @param encodedBlockSize the size of an encoded block (e.g. Base64 = 4)
     * @param lineLength if &gt; 0, use chunking with a length <code>lineLength</code>
     * @param chunkSeparatorLength the chunk separator length, if relevant
     * @param pad byte used as padding byte.
     */
    protected BaseNCodec(final int unencodedBlockSize, final int encodedBlockSize,
                         final int lineLength, final int chunkSeparatorLength, final byte pad) {
        this.unencodedBlockSize = unencodedBlockSize;
        this.encodedBlockSize = encodedBlockSize;
        final boolean useChunking = lineLength > 0 && chunkSeparatorLength > 0;
        this.lineLength = useChunking ? (lineLength / encodedBlockSize) * encodedBlockSize : 0;
        this.chunkSeparatorLength = chunkSeparatorLength;

        this.pad = pad;
    }

    /**
     * Returns true if this object has buffered data for reading.
     *
     * @param context the context to be used
     * @return true if there is data still available for reading.
     */
    boolean hasData(final Context context) {  // package protected for access from I/O streams
        return context.buffer != null;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the amount of buffered data available for reading.
     *
     * @param context the context to be used
     * @return The amount of buffered data available for reading.
     */
    int available(final Context context) {  // package protected for access from I/O streams
        return context.buffer != null ? context.pos - context.readPos : 0;
    }

    /**
     * Get the default buffer size. Can be overridden.
     *
     * @return {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE}
     */
    protected int getDefaultBufferSize() {
        return DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE;
    }

    /**
     * Increases our buffer by the {@link #DEFAULT_BUFFER_RESIZE_FACTOR}.
     * @param context the context to be used
     */
    private byte[] resizeBuffer(final Context context) {
        if (context.buffer == null) {
            context.buffer = new byte[getDefaultBufferSize()];
            context.pos = 0;
            context.readPos = 0;
        } else {
            final byte[] b = new byte[context.buffer.length * DEFAULT_BUFFER_RESIZE_FACTOR];
            System.arraycopy(context.buffer, 0, b, 0, context.buffer.length);
            context.buffer = b;
        }
        return context.buffer;
    }

    /**
     * Ensure that the buffer has room for <code>size</code> bytes
     *
     * @param size minimum spare space required
     * @param context the context to be used
     * @return the buffer
     */
    protected byte[] ensureBufferSize(final int size, final Context context){
        if ((context.buffer == null) || (context.buffer.length < context.pos + size)){
            return resizeBuffer(context);
        }
        return context.buffer;
    }

    /**
     * Extracts buffered data into the provided byte[] array, starting at position bPos, up to a maximum of bAvail
     * bytes. Returns how many bytes were actually extracted.
     * <p>
     * Package protected for access from I/O streams.
     *
     * @param b
     *            byte[] array to extract the buffered data into.
     * @param bPos
     *            position in byte[] array to start extraction at.
     * @param bAvail
     *            amount of bytes we're allowed to extract. We may extract fewer (if fewer are available).
     * @param context
     *            the context to be used
     * @return The number of bytes successfully extracted into the provided byte[] array.
     */
    int readResults(final byte[] b, final int bPos, final int bAvail, final Context context) {
        if (context.buffer != null) {
            final int len = Math.min(available(context), bAvail);
            System.arraycopy(context.buffer, context.readPos, b, bPos, len);
            context.readPos += len;
            if (context.readPos >= context.pos) {
                context.buffer = null; // so hasData() will return false, and this method can return -1
            }
            return len;
        }
        return context.eof ? EOF : 0;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a byte value is whitespace or not.
     * Whitespace is taken to mean: space, tab, CR, LF
     * @param byteToCheck
     *            the byte to check
     * @return true if byte is whitespace, false otherwise
     */
    protected static boolean isWhiteSpace(final byte byteToCheck) {
        switch (byteToCheck) {
            case ' ' :
            case '\n' :
            case '\r' :
            case '\t' :
                return true;
            default :
                return false;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Encodes an Object using the Base-N algorithm. This method is provided in order to satisfy the requirements of
     * the Encoder interface, and will throw an EncoderException if the supplied object is not of type byte[].
     *
     * @param obj
     *            Object to encode
     * @return An object (of type byte[]) containing the Base-N encoded data which corresponds to the byte[] supplied.
     * @throws EncoderException
     *             if the parameter supplied is not of type byte[]
     */
    public Object encode(final Object obj) throws EncoderException {
        if (!(obj instanceof byte[])) {
            throw new EncoderException("Parameter supplied to Base-N encode is not a byte[]");
        }
        return encode((byte[]) obj);
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a String containing characters in the Base-N alphabet.
     * Uses UTF8 encoding.
     *
     * @param pArray
     *            a byte array containing binary data
     * @return A String containing only Base-N character data
     */
    public String encodeToString(final byte[] pArray) {
        return newStringUtf8(encode(pArray));
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a String containing characters in the appropriate alphabet.
     * Uses UTF8 encoding.
     *
     * @param pArray a byte array containing binary data
     * @return String containing only character data in the appropriate alphabet.
    */
    public String encodeAsString(final byte[] pArray){
        return newStringUtf8(encode(pArray));
    }

    /**
     * Decodes an Object using the Base-N algorithm. This method is provided in order to satisfy the requirements of
     * the Decoder interface, and will throw a DecoderException if the supplied object is not of type byte[] or String.
     *
     * @param obj
     *            Object to decode
     * @return An object (of type byte[]) containing the binary data which corresponds to the byte[] or String
     *         supplied.
     * @throws DecoderException
     *             if the parameter supplied is not of type byte[]
     */
    public Object decode(final Object obj) throws DecoderException {
        if (obj instanceof byte[]) {
            return decode((byte[]) obj);
        } else if (obj instanceof String) {
            return decode((String) obj);
        } else {
            throw new DecoderException("Parameter supplied to Base-N decode is not a byte[] or a String");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a String containing characters in the Base-N alphabet.
     *
     * @param pArray
     *            A String containing Base-N character data
     * @return a byte array containing binary data
     */
    public byte[] decode(final String pArray) {
        return decode(getBytesUtf8(pArray));
    }

    /**
     * Decodes a byte[] containing characters in the Base-N alphabet.
     *
     * @param pArray
     *            A byte array containing Base-N character data
     * @return a byte array containing binary data
     */
    public byte[] decode(final byte[] pArray) {
        if (pArray == null || pArray.length == 0) {
            return pArray;
        }
        final Context context = new Context();
        decode(pArray, 0, pArray.length, context);
        decode(pArray, 0, EOF, context); // Notify decoder of EOF.
        final byte[] result = new byte[context.pos];
        readResults(result, 0, result.length, context);
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * Encodes a byte[] containing binary data, into a byte[] containing characters in the alphabet.
     *
     * @param pArray
     *            a byte array containing binary data
     * @return A byte array containing only the basen alphabetic character data
     */
    public byte[] encode(final byte[] pArray) {
        if (pArray == null || pArray.length == 0) {
            return pArray;
        }
        final Context context = new Context();
        encode(pArray, 0, pArray.length, context);
        encode(pArray, 0, EOF, context); // Notify encoder of EOF.
        final byte[] buf = new byte[context.pos - context.readPos];
        readResults(buf, 0, buf.length, context);
        return buf;
    }

    // package protected for access from I/O streams
    abstract void encode(byte[] pArray, int i, int length, Context context);

    // package protected for access from I/O streams
    abstract void decode(byte[] pArray, int i, int length, Context context);

    /**
     * Returns whether or not the <code>octet</code> is in the current alphabet.
     * Does not allow whitespace or pad.
     *
     * @param value The value to test
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if the value is defined in the current alphabet, <code>false</code> otherwise.
     */
    protected abstract boolean isInAlphabet(byte value);

    /**
     * Tests a given byte array to see if it contains only valid characters within the alphabet.
     * The method optionally treats whitespace and pad as valid.
     *
     * @param arrayOctet byte array to test
     * @param allowWSPad if <code>true</code>, then whitespace and PAD are also allowed
     *
     * @return <code>true</code> if all bytes are valid characters in the alphabet or if the byte array is empty;
     *         <code>false</code>, otherwise
     */
    public boolean isInAlphabet(final byte[] arrayOctet, final boolean allowWSPad) {
        for (int i = 0; i < arrayOctet.length; i++) {
            if (!isInAlphabet(arrayOctet[i]) &&
                    (!allowWSPad || (arrayOctet[i] != pad) && !isWhiteSpace(arrayOctet[i]))) {
                return false;
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * Tests a given String to see if it contains only valid characters within the alphabet.
     * The method treats whitespace and PAD as valid.
     *
     * @param basen String to test
     * @return <code>true</code> if all characters in the String are valid characters in the alphabet or if
     *         the String is empty; <code>false</code>, otherwise
     * @see #isInAlphabet(byte[], boolean)
     */
    public boolean isInAlphabet(final String basen) {
        return isInAlphabet(getBytesUtf8(basen), true);
    }

    /**
     * Tests a given byte array to see if it contains any characters within the alphabet or PAD.
     *
     * Intended for use in checking line-ending arrays
     *
     * @param arrayOctet
     *            byte array to test
     * @return <code>true</code> if any byte is a valid character in the alphabet or PAD; <code>false</code> otherwise
     */
    protected boolean containsAlphabetOrPad(final byte[] arrayOctet) {
        if (arrayOctet == null) {
            return false;
        }
        for (final byte element : arrayOctet) {
            if (pad == element || isInAlphabet(element)) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Calculates the amount of space needed to encode the supplied array.
     *
     * @param pArray byte[] array which will later be encoded
     *
     * @return amount of space needed to encoded the supplied array.
     * Returns a long since a max-len array will require &gt; Integer.MAX_VALUE
     */
    public long getEncodedLength(final byte[] pArray) {
        // Calculate non-chunked size - rounded up to allow for padding
        // cast to long is needed to avoid possibility of overflow
        long len = ((pArray.length + unencodedBlockSize-1)  / unencodedBlockSize) * (long) encodedBlockSize;
        if (lineLength > 0) { // We're using chunking
            // Round up to nearest multiple
            len += ((len + lineLength-1) / lineLength) * chunkSeparatorLength;
        }
        return len;
    }
    
    /**
     * Encodes the given string into a sequence of bytes using the UTF-8 charset, storing the result into a new byte
     * array.
     *
     * @param string
     *            the String to encode, may be <code>null</code>
     * @return encoded bytes, or <code>null</code> if the input string was <code>null</code>
     */
    protected static byte[] getBytesUtf8(final String string) {
        if (string == null) {
            return null;
        }

    	try {
			return string.getBytes("UTF-8");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			//should never be thrown because all JVMs must support UTF-8
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
    }

    /**
     * Constructs a new <code>String</code> by decoding the specified array of bytes using the UTF-8 charset.
     *
     * @param bytes
     *            The bytes to be decoded into characters
     * @return A new <code>String</code> decoded from the specified array of bytes using the UTF-8 charset,
     *         or <code>null</code> if the input byte array was <code>null</code>.
     */
    protected static String newStringUtf8(final byte[] bytes) {
        if (bytes == null) {
            return null;
        }

        try {
			return new String(bytes, "UTF-8");
		} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
			//should never be thrown because all JVMs must support UTF-8
			throw new RuntimeException(e);
		}
    }
}
