PMLOOKUPLABELS(3)

NAME
pmLookupLabels, pmGetInstancesLabels, pmGetItemLabels, pmGetClusterLabels, pmGetInDomLabels, pmGetDomainLabels, pmGetContextLabels - retrieve labels associated with performance metric values

C SYNOPSIS
#include <pcp/pmapi.h>

int pmLookupLabels(pmID pmid, pmLabelSet **labelsets);

int pmGetInstancesLabels(pmInDom indom, pmLabelSet **labelsets);
int pmGetItemLabels(pmID pmid, pmLabelSet **labelsets);
int pmGetClusterLabels(pmID pmid, pmLabelSet **labelsets);
int pmGetInDomLabels(pmInDom indom, pmLabelSet **labelsets);
int pmGetDomainLabels(int domain, pmLabelSet **labelsets);
int pmGetContextLabels(pmLabelSet **labelsets);

cc ... -lpcp

PYTHON SYNOPSIS
from pcp import pmapi

labelsets = pmapi.pmContext().pmLookupLabels(pmid)

labelsets = pmapi.pmContext().pmGetInstancesLabels(indom)
labelsets = pmapi.pmContext().pmGetItemLabels(pmid)
labelsets = pmapi.pmContext().pmGetClusterLabels(pmid)
labelsets = pmapi.pmContext().pmGetInDomLabels(indom)
labelsets = pmapi.pmContext().pmGetDomainLabels(domain)
labelsets = pmapi.pmContext().pmGetContextLabels()

DESCRIPTION
Labels are name:value pairs associated with performance metric values for the purpose of attaching additional metric metadata to values. This metadata is less structured and exists separately to the metric descriptor available for every PCP metric from pmLookupDesc(3).

Much like the metric descriptor metadata, labels are an integral part of the identity of each metric, and should rarely, if ever, change.

The pmLookupLabels routine is a convenience interface providing retrieval for all labels associated with a single performance metric identifier, pmid, except labels at the instances level. Labels at the instances level must be retrieved separately with a call to pmGetInstancesLabels because different metric instances may have labels with the same label name. The pmLookupLabels function performs no caching of labels internally.

For efficiency in communication and storage within the various components of the PMCS (Performance Metrics Collection System), labels are maintained using a hierarchy. The set of labels associated with any individual metric value consists of the union of labels from each of these sets of labels:

1. Global labels (apply to all metric values from a host or archive context)

pmGetContextLabels
    provides the labelsets associated with all metric values from a given source (PMAPI context).

2. Domain labels (apply to every metric within a PMDA)

pmGetDomainLabels
    provides the labelsets associated with the domain identifier.

3. Instance Domain labels (apply to all metrics sharing that indom)

pmGetInDomLabels
    provides the labelsets associated with the instance domain identifier indom.

4. Cluster labels (apply to a group of metrics within one domain)

pmGetClusterLabels
    provides the labelsets associated with the metric cluster (domain,cluster) identified by pmid.

5. Item labels (apply to an individual performance metric)

pmGetItemLabels
    provides the labelsets associated with the metric item (domain,cluster,item) identified by pmid.

6. Instance labels (apply to individual instances of a metric)

pmGetInstancesLabels
    provides the set of instance identifiers and labels in labelsets for each instance associated with the instance domain identifier indom. The return value indicates the number of elements in the result - one labelsets for each instance.

These independent labelsets can be merged using pmMergeLabelSets(3) to form the complete set of all labels associated with a given value. Note that the label sets returned by pmGetInstancesLabels can be traversed but should not be merged because the label names are unlikely to be unique for different instances of the given indom.

LABEL SYNTAX
Labels are stored and communicated within PCP using JSONB format. This format is a restricted form of JSON suitable for indexing and other operations. In JSONB form, insignificant whitespace is discarded, and the order of label names is not preserved. Within the PMCS a lexicographically sorted key space is always maintained, however. Duplicate label names are not permitted. The label with highest precedence is the only one presented. If duplicate names are presented at the same hierarchy level, only one will be preserved (exactly which one wins is arbitrary, so do not rely on this).

All name:value pair(s) present will be converted to JSONB form and merged with the existing set of labels for the requested entity (context, domain, indom, metric or instance).

The label names are further constrained to the same set of rules defined for PMNS subtree names.

Each component in a label name must begin with an alphabetic character, and be followed by zero or more characters drawn from the alphabetics, the digits and the underscore (``_'') character. For alphabetic characters in a name, upper and lower case are distinguished.

The value of a label offers significantly more freedom, and may be any valid value as defined by the JSON (https://www.json.org) specification. Redundant whitespace is always removed within the PMCS.

PRECEDENCE
The complete set of labels associated with any metric value is built from several sources and duplicate label names may exist at any point in the source hierarchy. However, when evaluating the label set (merging labels from the different sources) the JSONB concept of only presenting unique labels is used. It is therefore important to define precedence rules in order that a deterministic set of uniquely named labels can be defined.

As a rule of thumb, the labels closest to PMNS leaf nodes and metric values take precedence:

1. Global context labels
    (as reported by the pmcd.labels metric) are the lowest precedence.

2. Domain labels
    (for all metrics and instances from a PMDA) are the next highest precedence.

3. Instance Domain labels
    associated with an InDom are the next highest precedence.

4. Metric cluster labels
    associated with a PMID cluster are the next highest precedence.

5. Metric item labels
    associated with an individual PMID are the next highest precedence.

6. Instance labels
    associated with a metric instance identifier have highest precedence.

DATA STRUCTURES
The primary output from pmLookupLabels is returned in the argument labelsets as an array, using the following component data structures;

struct {
    uint     name : 16;      /* label name offset in JSONB string */
    uint     namelen : 8;    /* length of name excluding the null */
    uint     flags : 8;      /* information about this label */
    uint     value : 16;     /* offset of the label value */
    uint     valuelen : 16;  /* length of value in bytes */
} pmLabel;
struct {
    uint     inst;           /* PM_IN_NULL or the instance ID */
    int      nlabels;        /* count of labels or error code */
    char     *json;          /* JSON formatted labels string */
    uint     jsonlen : 16;   /* JSON string length byte count */
    uint     padding : 16;   /* zero, reserved for future use */
    pmLabel  *labels;        /* indexing into the JSON string */
} pmLabelSet;

The provides information about an individual label. This includes the offsets to the start of its and in the string of a their respective lengths, and also any informative flags associated with the label (describing where it lies in the hierarchy of labels, and whether it is an intrinsic or extrinsic label).

Building on this, the provides information about the set of labels associated with an entity (context, domain, indom, metric cluster, item or instance). The entity will be from any one level of the label hierarchy. If at the lowest hierarchy level (which happens to be highest precedence - PM_LABEL_INSTANCES) then the field will contain an actual instance identifier instead of PM_IN_NULL.

The field describes the number of labels (name:value pairs) that can be found in both the accompanying string (which is JSONB format - no unnecessary whitespace and with no duplicate label names) and the accompanying array (which has elements).

EXAMPLES
Consider a deployment with global labels (assume $PCP_SYSCONF_DIR is set to its usual location of /etc/pcp) as follows:

$ cat /etc/pcp/labels/*
{
  "tier": "production",
  "datacenter": "hkg",
  "services": ["indexer","database"]
}

Use pminfo to form the merged labelsets for several pmdasample(1) metrics as follows:

$ pminfo -m -f --labels sample.rapid sample.colour sample.mirage

sample.rapid PMID: 30.0.64
value 800000000
labels {"agent":"sample","datacenter":"sydney","hostname":"acme.com","measure":"speed","role":"testing","services":["indexer","database"],"tier":"production","units":"metres per second","unitsystem":"SI"}

sample.colour PMID: 30.0.5
inst [0 or "red"] value 101
inst [1 or "green"] value 202
inst [2 or "blue"] value 303
inst [0 or "red"] labels {"agent":"sample","datacenter":"syd","hostname":"acme.com","model":"RGB","role":"testing","services":["indexer","database"],"tier":"production"}
inst [1 or "green"] labels {"agent":"sample","datacenter":"syd","hostname":"acme.com","model":"RGB","role":"testing","services":["indexer","database"],"tier":"production"}
inst [2 or "blue"] labels {"agent":"sample","datacenter":"syd","hostname":"acme.com","model":"RGB","role":"testing","services":["indexer","database"],"tier":"production"}

sample.mirage PMID: 29.0.37
inst [0 or "m-00"] value 99
inst [0 or "m-00"] labels {"agent":"sample","datacenter":"sydney","hostname":"acme.com","role":"testing","services":["indexer","database"],"tier":"production","transient":false}

Here, pminfo has merged the separate sets of labels returned from pmGetContextLabels (names: datacenter, hostname, services, tier), pmGetDomainLabels (names: role, agent), pmGetInDomLabels (names: model), pmGetItemLabels (names: units, unitsystem) and pmGetInstancesLabels (names: transient) to form the complete set for each of the metrics.

PYTHON EXAMPLE
#!/usr/bin/env pmpython
import sys
from pcp import pmapi
import cpmapi as c_api
ctx = pmapi.pmContext(c_api.PM_CONTEXT_HOST, "local:")
for metric in sys.argv[1:]:
    pmid = ctx.pmLookupName(metric)[0]
    desc = ctx.pmLookupDescs(pmid)[0]
    print("== label sets for %s ==" % metric)
    labelSetList = ctx.pmLookupLabels(pmid)
    # class pmLabelSet has a __str__ handler
    for labelSet in labelSetList:
        print("	%s" % labelSet)
    ctx.pmFreeLabelSets(labelSetList)
    if desc.contents.indom != c_api.PM_INDOM_NULL:
        print("== instances label sets for %s ==" % metric)
        labelSetList = ctx.pmGetInstancesLabels(desc.contents.indom)
        for labelSet in labelSetList:
            print("	%s" % labelSet)
        ctx.pmFreeLabelSets(labelSetList)

DIAGNOSTICS
On success these interfaces all return the number of elements in the labelsets array. associated with performance metrics. The memory associated with labelsets should be released using pmFreeLabelSets(3) when no longer needed.

Only in the case of pmLookupLabels will the resulting labelsets be a merged set of labels from all hierarchy levels (except at the instances level, as described above).

For the other routines, except for pmGetInstancesLabels, if no labels exist at all for the requested hierarchy level the return code will be zero and no space will have been allocated.

In the case of pmGetInstancesLabels, which can return multiple elements in its labelsets result (one set of labels for each instance), the nlabels field may be either zero indicating no labels for that instance, or a positive count of labels, or a negative PMAPI error code.

Note that it is mandatory for a call to pmGetInstancesLabels to be preceded by a call to pmGetInDom(3) to ensure the instances have been resolved within the PMDA.

If no result can be obtained, e.g. due to IPC failure using the current PMAPI context then pmGetInstancesLabels will return a negative error code which may be examined using

A successful return from the Python API always provides the labelsets result in the form of a list, for all labels functions. On error a pmErr exception is raised containing the error code and diagnostic. pmErrStr(3).

SEE ALSO
pmcd(1), PMAPI(3), pmFetch(3), pmGetInDom(3), pmLookupDesc(3), pmLookupName(3), pmFreeLabelSets(3), pmMergeLabelSets(3), pmNewContext(3) and labels.conf(5).