Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996)

Peter Ladefoged & Ian Maddieson (1996). The sounds of the world’s languages. Oxford: Blackwell.

An extensive reference source for the articulation and acoustics of “all” vowels and consonants that occur in the world’s languages. If you don’t find the answer in this book, you will find the answer in the articles referred to in this book. The book uses lots of spectrograms, palatograms, and other techniques.

The book is not an introductory text. For that, see Ladefoged (2001) instead.

### Links to this page

- Intro 3.1. Viewing a spectrogram