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# sqlglot.dialects.snowflake

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import typing as t
       4
       5from sqlglot import exp, generator, jsonpath, parser, tokens, transforms
       6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       7    Dialect,
       8    NormalizationStrategy,
       9    build_timetostr_or_tochar,
      10    binary_from_function,
      11    build_default_decimal_type,
      12    build_timestamp_from_parts,
      13    date_delta_sql,
      14    date_trunc_to_time,
      15    datestrtodate_sql,
      16    build_formatted_time,
      17    if_sql,
      18    inline_array_sql,
      19    max_or_greatest,
      20    min_or_least,
      21    rename_func,
      22    timestamptrunc_sql,
      23    timestrtotime_sql,
      24    var_map_sql,
      25    map_date_part,
      26    no_timestamp_sql,
      27    strposition_sql,
      28    timestampdiff_sql,
      29    no_make_interval_sql,
      30    groupconcat_sql,
      31)
      32from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
      33from sqlglot.helper import flatten, is_float, is_int, seq_get
      34from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      35
      36if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      37    from sqlglot._typing import E, B
      38
      39
      40# from https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/to_timestamp.html
      41def _build_datetime(
      42    name: str, kind: exp.DataType.Type, safe: bool = False
      43) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.Func]:
      44    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
      45        value = seq_get(args, 0)
      46        scale_or_fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
      47
      48        int_value = value is not None and is_int(value.name)
      49        int_scale_or_fmt = scale_or_fmt is not None and scale_or_fmt.is_int
      50
      51        if isinstance(value, exp.Literal) or (value and scale_or_fmt):
      52            # Converts calls like `TO_TIME('01:02:03')` into casts
      53            if len(args) == 1 and value.is_string and not int_value:
      54                return (
      55                    exp.TryCast(this=value, to=exp.DataType.build(kind))
      56                    if safe
      57                    else exp.cast(value, kind)
      58                )
      59
      60            # Handles `TO_TIMESTAMP(str, fmt)` and `TO_TIMESTAMP(num, scale)` as special
      61            # cases so we can transpile them, since they're relatively common
      62            if kind == exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP:
      63                if not safe and (int_value or int_scale_or_fmt):
      64                    # TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP('integer') is not parsed into exp.UnixToTime as
      65                    # it's not easily transpilable
      66                    return exp.UnixToTime(this=value, scale=scale_or_fmt)
      67                if not int_scale_or_fmt and not is_float(value.name):
      68                    expr = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "snowflake")(args)
      69                    expr.set("safe", safe)
      70                    return expr
      71
      72        if kind in (exp.DataType.Type.DATE, exp.DataType.Type.TIME) and not int_value:
      73            klass = exp.TsOrDsToDate if kind == exp.DataType.Type.DATE else exp.TsOrDsToTime
      74            formatted_exp = build_formatted_time(klass, "snowflake")(args)
      75            formatted_exp.set("safe", safe)
      76            return formatted_exp
      77
      78        return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
      79
      80    return _builder
      81
      82
      83def _build_object_construct(args: t.List) -> t.Union[exp.StarMap, exp.Struct]:
      84    expression = parser.build_var_map(args)
      85
      86    if isinstance(expression, exp.StarMap):
      87        return expression
      88
      89    return exp.Struct(
      90        expressions=[
      91            exp.PropertyEQ(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(expression.keys, expression.values)
      92        ]
      93    )
      94
      95
      96def _build_datediff(args: t.List) -> exp.DateDiff:
      97    return exp.DateDiff(
      98        this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0))
      99    )
     100
     101
     102def _build_date_time_add(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     103    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     104        return expr_type(
     105            this=seq_get(args, 2),
     106            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     107            unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 0)),
     108        )
     109
     110    return _builder
     111
     112
     113def _build_bitwise(expr_type: t.Type[B], name: str) -> t.Callable[[t.List], B | exp.Anonymous]:
     114    def _builder(args: t.List) -> B | exp.Anonymous:
     115        if len(args) == 3:
     116            return exp.Anonymous(this=name, expressions=args)
     117
     118        return binary_from_function(expr_type)(args)
     119
     120    return _builder
     121
     122
     123# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/div0
     124def _build_if_from_div0(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     125    lhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 0), exp.Binary)
     126    rhs = exp._wrap(seq_get(args, 1), exp.Binary)
     127
     128    cond = exp.EQ(this=rhs, expression=exp.Literal.number(0)).and_(
     129        exp.Is(this=lhs, expression=exp.null()).not_()
     130    )
     131    true = exp.Literal.number(0)
     132    false = exp.Div(this=lhs, expression=rhs)
     133    return exp.If(this=cond, true=true, false=false)
     134
     135
     136# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     137def _build_if_from_zeroifnull(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     138    cond = exp.Is(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Null())
     139    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Literal.number(0), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     140
     141
     142# https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/zeroifnull
     143def _build_if_from_nullifzero(args: t.List) -> exp.If:
     144    cond = exp.EQ(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(0))
     145    return exp.If(this=cond, true=exp.Null(), false=seq_get(args, 0))
     146
     147
     148def _regexpilike_sql(self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.RegexpILike) -> str:
     149    flag = expression.text("flag")
     150
     151    if "i" not in flag:
     152        flag += "i"
     153
     154    return self.func(
     155        "REGEXP_LIKE", expression.this, expression.expression, exp.Literal.string(flag)
     156    )
     157
     158
     159def _build_regexp_replace(args: t.List) -> exp.RegexpReplace:
     160    regexp_replace = exp.RegexpReplace.from_arg_list(args)
     161
     162    if not regexp_replace.args.get("replacement"):
     163        regexp_replace.set("replacement", exp.Literal.string(""))
     164
     165    return regexp_replace
     166
     167
     168def _show_parser(*args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Callable[[Snowflake.Parser], exp.Show]:
     169    def _parse(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> exp.Show:
     170        return self._parse_show_snowflake(*args, **kwargs)
     171
     172    return _parse
     173
     174
     175def _date_trunc_to_time(args: t.List) -> exp.DateTrunc | exp.TimestampTrunc:
     176    trunc = date_trunc_to_time(args)
     177    trunc.set("unit", map_date_part(trunc.args["unit"]))
     178    return trunc
     179
     180
     181def _unqualify_pivot_columns(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     182    """
     183    Snowflake doesn't allow columns referenced in UNPIVOT to be qualified,
     184    so we need to unqualify them. Same goes for ANY ORDER BY <column>.
     185
     186    Example:
     187        >>> from sqlglot import parse_one
     188        >>> expr = parse_one("SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (m_sales.jan, feb, mar, april))")
     189        >>> print(_unqualify_pivot_columns(expr).sql(dialect="snowflake"))
     190        SELECT * FROM m_sales UNPIVOT(sales FOR month IN (jan, feb, mar, april))
     191    """
     192    if isinstance(expression, exp.Pivot):
     193        if expression.unpivot:
     194            expression = transforms.unqualify_columns(expression)
     195        else:
     196            for field in expression.fields:
     197                field_expr = seq_get(field.expressions if field else [], 0)
     198
     199                if isinstance(field_expr, exp.PivotAny):
     200                    unqualified_field_expr = transforms.unqualify_columns(field_expr)
     201                    t.cast(exp.Expression, field).set("expressions", unqualified_field_expr, 0)
     202
     203    return expression
     204
     205
     206def _flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     207    assert isinstance(expression, exp.Create)
     208
     209    def _flatten_structured_type(expression: exp.DataType) -> exp.DataType:
     210        if expression.this in exp.DataType.NESTED_TYPES:
     211            expression.set("expressions", None)
     212        return expression
     213
     214    props = expression.args.get("properties")
     215    if isinstance(expression.this, exp.Schema) and not (props and props.find(exp.IcebergProperty)):
     216        for schema_expression in expression.this.expressions:
     217            if isinstance(schema_expression, exp.ColumnDef):
     218                column_type = schema_expression.kind
     219                if isinstance(column_type, exp.DataType):
     220                    column_type.transform(_flatten_structured_type, copy=False)
     221
     222    return expression
     223
     224
     225def _unnest_generate_date_array(unnest: exp.Unnest) -> None:
     226    generate_date_array = unnest.expressions[0]
     227    start = generate_date_array.args.get("start")
     228    end = generate_date_array.args.get("end")
     229    step = generate_date_array.args.get("step")
     230
     231    if not start or not end or not isinstance(step, exp.Interval) or step.name != "1":
     232        return
     233
     234    unit = step.args.get("unit")
     235
     236    unnest_alias = unnest.args.get("alias")
     237    if unnest_alias:
     238        unnest_alias = unnest_alias.copy()
     239        sequence_value_name = seq_get(unnest_alias.columns, 0) or "value"
     240    else:
     241        sequence_value_name = "value"
     242
     243    # We'll add the next sequence value to the starting date and project the result
     244    date_add = _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd)(
     245        [unit, exp.cast(sequence_value_name, "int"), exp.cast(start, "date")]
     246    ).as_(sequence_value_name)
     247
     248    # We use DATEDIFF to compute the number of sequence values needed
     249    number_sequence = Snowflake.Parser.FUNCTIONS["ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE"](
     250        [exp.Literal.number(0), _build_datediff([unit, start, end]) + 1]
     251    )
     252
     253    unnest.set("expressions", [number_sequence])
     254    unnest.replace(exp.select(date_add).from_(unnest.copy()).subquery(unnest_alias))
     255
     256
     257def _transform_generate_date_array(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     258    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     259        for generate_date_array in expression.find_all(exp.GenerateDateArray):
     260            parent = generate_date_array.parent
     261
     262            # If GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY is used directly as an array (e.g passed into ARRAY_LENGTH), the transformed Snowflake
     263            # query is the following (it'll be unnested properly on the next iteration due to copy):
     264            # SELECT ref(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...)) -> SELECT ref((SELECT ARRAY_AGG(*) FROM UNNEST(GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY(...))))
     265            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest):
     266                unnest = exp.Unnest(expressions=[generate_date_array.copy()])
     267                generate_date_array.replace(
     268                    exp.select(exp.ArrayAgg(this=exp.Star())).from_(unnest).subquery()
     269                )
     270
     271            if (
     272                isinstance(parent, exp.Unnest)
     273                and isinstance(parent.parent, (exp.From, exp.Join))
     274                and len(parent.expressions) == 1
     275            ):
     276                _unnest_generate_date_array(parent)
     277
     278    return expression
     279
     280
     281def _build_regexp_extract(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     282    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     283        return expr_type(
     284            this=seq_get(args, 0),
     285            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     286            position=seq_get(args, 2),
     287            occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     288            parameters=seq_get(args, 4),
     289            group=seq_get(args, 5) or exp.Literal.number(0),
     290        )
     291
     292    return _builder
     293
     294
     295def _regexpextract_sql(self, expression: exp.RegexpExtract | exp.RegexpExtractAll) -> str:
     296    # Other dialects don't support all of the following parameters, so we need to
     297    # generate default values as necessary to ensure the transpilation is correct
     298    group = expression.args.get("group")
     299
     300    # To avoid generating all these default values, we set group to None if
     301    # it's 0 (also default value) which doesn't trigger the following chain
     302    if group and group.name == "0":
     303        group = None
     304
     305    parameters = expression.args.get("parameters") or (group and exp.Literal.string("c"))
     306    occurrence = expression.args.get("occurrence") or (parameters and exp.Literal.number(1))
     307    position = expression.args.get("position") or (occurrence and exp.Literal.number(1))
     308
     309    return self.func(
     310        "REGEXP_SUBSTR" if isinstance(expression, exp.RegexpExtract) else "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL",
     311        expression.this,
     312        expression.expression,
     313        position,
     314        occurrence,
     315        parameters,
     316        group,
     317    )
     318
     319
     320def _json_extract_value_array_sql(
     321    self: Snowflake.Generator, expression: exp.JSONValueArray | exp.JSONExtractArray
     322) -> str:
     323    json_extract = exp.JSONExtract(this=expression.this, expression=expression.expression)
     324    ident = exp.to_identifier("x")
     325
     326    if isinstance(expression, exp.JSONValueArray):
     327        this: exp.Expression = exp.cast(ident, to=exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR)
     328    else:
     329        this = exp.ParseJSON(this=f"TO_JSON({ident})")
     330
     331    transform_lambda = exp.Lambda(expressions=[ident], this=this)
     332
     333    return self.func("TRANSFORM", json_extract, transform_lambda)
     334
     335
     336class Snowflake(Dialect):
     337    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     338    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     339    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     340    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     341    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     342    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     343    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     344    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     345    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     346    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     347
     348    TIME_MAPPING = {
     349        "YYYY": "%Y",
     350        "yyyy": "%Y",
     351        "YY": "%y",
     352        "yy": "%y",
     353        "MMMM": "%B",
     354        "mmmm": "%B",
     355        "MON": "%b",
     356        "mon": "%b",
     357        "MM": "%m",
     358        "mm": "%m",
     359        "DD": "%d",
     360        "dd": "%-d",
     361        "DY": "%a",
     362        "dy": "%w",
     363        "HH24": "%H",
     364        "hh24": "%H",
     365        "HH12": "%I",
     366        "hh12": "%I",
     367        "MI": "%M",
     368        "mi": "%M",
     369        "SS": "%S",
     370        "ss": "%S",
     371        "FF6": "%f",
     372        "ff6": "%f",
     373    }
     374
     375    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     376        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     377        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     378        if (
     379            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     380            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     381            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     382        ):
     383            return expression  # type: ignore
     384
     385        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     386
     387    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
     388        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
     389        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
     390
     391    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     392        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     393        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     394        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     395
     396        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     397            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     398            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     399        }
     400
     401        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     402        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     403
     404        FUNCTIONS = {
     405            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     406            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     407            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     408            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     409                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     410            ),
     411            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     412                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     413                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     414                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     415                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     416            ),
     417            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     418            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     419            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     420            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     421            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     422            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
     423            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     424            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
     425            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
     426            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     427            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     428            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     429            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     430            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     431            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     432                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     433            ),
     434            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     435            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     436                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     437            ),
     438            "HEX_DECODE_BINARY": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
     439            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     440            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     441                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     442            ),
     443            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     444            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     445            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     446            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     447            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     448            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     449            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     450            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     451            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     452            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     453            "TABLE": lambda args: exp.TableFromRows(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
     454            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     455            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     456            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     457            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     458            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     459            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     460            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     461            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     462            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     463            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     464            "TRY_TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME, safe=True),
     465            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     466                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     467            ),
     468            "TO_CHAR": build_timetostr_or_tochar,
     469            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     470            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     471                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     472                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     473                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     474                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     475            ),
     476            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     477            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     478            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     479            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     480            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     481            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     482            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     483        }
     484
     485        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     486            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     487            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     488            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     489            "LISTAGG": lambda self: self._parse_string_agg(),
     490        }
     491        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     492
     493        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     494
     495        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     496            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     497            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     498            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     499        }
     500
     501        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     502            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     503            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     504                exp.Set,
     505                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     506                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     507                unset=True,
     508            ),
     509        }
     510
     511        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     512            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     513            TokenType.PUT: lambda self: self._parse_put(),
     514            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     515        }
     516
     517        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     518            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     519            "CREDENTIALS": lambda self: self._parse_credentials_property(),
     520            "FILE_FORMAT": lambda self: self._parse_file_format_property(),
     521            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     522            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
     523            "USING": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPLATE")
     524            and self.expression(exp.UsingTemplateProperty, this=self._parse_statement()),
     525        }
     526
     527        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     528            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     529            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     530        }
     531
     532        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     533            "DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
     534            "TERSE DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
     535            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     536            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     537            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     538            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     539            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     540            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     541            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     542            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     543            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     544            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     545            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     546            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     547            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     548            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     549            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     550            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     551            "STAGES": _show_parser("STAGES"),
     552            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     553            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     554            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     555            "FILE FORMATS": _show_parser("FILE FORMATS"),
     556            "FUNCTIONS": _show_parser("FUNCTIONS"),
     557            "PROCEDURES": _show_parser("PROCEDURES"),
     558            "WAREHOUSES": _show_parser("WAREHOUSES"),
     559        }
     560
     561        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     562            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     563            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     564            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     565            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     566            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     567        }
     568
     569        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     570            TokenType.DOT,
     571            TokenType.MOD,
     572            TokenType.SLASH,
     573        }
     574
     575        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     576
     577        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     578
     579        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     580
     581        LAMBDAS = {
     582            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     583            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     584                exp.Lambda,
     585                this=self._replace_lambda(
     586                    self._parse_assignment(),
     587                    expressions,
     588                ),
     589                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     590            ),
     591        }
     592
     593        def _parse_use(self) -> exp.Use:
     594            if self._match_text_seq("SECONDARY", "ROLES"):
     595                this = self._match_texts(("ALL", "NONE")) and exp.var(self._prev.text.upper())
     596                roles = None if this else self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_table(schema=False))
     597                return self.expression(
     598                    exp.Use, kind="SECONDARY ROLES", this=this, expressions=roles
     599                )
     600
     601            return super()._parse_use()
     602
     603        def _negate_range(
     604            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     605        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     606            if not this:
     607                return this
     608
     609            query = this.args.get("query")
     610            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     611                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     612                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     613                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     614                #
     615                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     616                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     617                return self.expression(
     618                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     619                )
     620
     621            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     622
     623        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
     624            return self.expression(
     625                exp.Tags,
     626                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     627            )
     628
     629        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     630            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     631                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     632
     633            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     634                policy = self._parse_column()
     635                return self.expression(
     636                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     637                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     638                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     639                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     640                )
     641            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     642                policy = self._parse_column()
     643                return self.expression(
     644                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     645                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     646                )
     647            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     648                return self._parse_tag()
     649
     650            return None
     651
     652        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
     653            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     654                return self._parse_tag()
     655
     656            return super()._parse_with_property()
     657
     658        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     659            expression = super()._parse_create()
     660            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     661                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     662                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     663
     664            return expression
     665
     666        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     667        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     668        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     669            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     670
     671            if not this:
     672                return None
     673
     674            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     675            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     676            this = map_date_part(this)
     677            name = this.name.upper()
     678
     679            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     680                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     681                    scale = 10**3
     682                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     683                    scale = 10**6
     684                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     685                    scale = 10**9
     686                else:
     687                    scale = None
     688
     689                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     690                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     691
     692                if scale:
     693                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     694
     695                return to_unix
     696
     697            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     698
     699        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     700            if is_map:
     701                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     702                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     703                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     704                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     705
     706            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     707
     708        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     709            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     710            if not lateral:
     711                return lateral
     712
     713            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     714                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     715                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     716                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     717                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     718                elif not table_alias:
     719                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     720
     721            return lateral
     722
     723        def _parse_table_parts(
     724            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     725        ) -> exp.Table:
     726            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     727            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     728                table = self._parse_string()
     729            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     730                table = self._parse_location_path()
     731            else:
     732                table = None
     733
     734            if table:
     735                file_format = None
     736                pattern = None
     737
     738                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     739                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     740                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     741                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     742                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     743                        )
     744                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     745                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     746                    else:
     747                        break
     748
     749                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     750
     751                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     752            else:
     753                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     754
     755            return table
     756
     757        def _parse_table(
     758            self,
     759            schema: bool = False,
     760            joins: bool = False,
     761            alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     762            parse_bracket: bool = False,
     763            is_db_reference: bool = False,
     764            parse_partition: bool = False,
     765        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     766            table = super()._parse_table(
     767                schema=schema,
     768                joins=joins,
     769                alias_tokens=alias_tokens,
     770                parse_bracket=parse_bracket,
     771                is_db_reference=is_db_reference,
     772                parse_partition=parse_partition,
     773            )
     774            if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and isinstance(table.this, exp.TableFromRows):
     775                table_from_rows = table.this
     776                for arg in exp.TableFromRows.arg_types:
     777                    if arg != "this":
     778                        table_from_rows.set(arg, table.args.get(arg))
     779
     780                table = table_from_rows
     781
     782            return table
     783
     784        def _parse_id_var(
     785            self,
     786            any_token: bool = True,
     787            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     788        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     789            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     790                identifier = (
     791                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     792                    or self._parse_string()
     793                )
     794                self._match_r_paren()
     795                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     796
     797            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     798
     799        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     800            scope = None
     801            scope_kind = None
     802
     803            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     804            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     805            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     806
     807            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     808
     809            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     810
     811            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     812                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     813                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     814                elif self._match_text_seq("CLASS"):
     815                    scope_kind = "CLASS"
     816                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     817                elif self._match_text_seq("APPLICATION"):
     818                    scope_kind = "APPLICATION"
     819                    if self._match_text_seq("PACKAGE"):
     820                        scope_kind += " PACKAGE"
     821                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     822                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     823                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     824                    if self._curr:
     825                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     826                elif self._curr:
     827                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     828                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     829
     830            return self.expression(
     831                exp.Show,
     832                **{
     833                    "terse": terse,
     834                    "this": this,
     835                    "history": history,
     836                    "like": like,
     837                    "scope": scope,
     838                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     839                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     840                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     841                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     842                    "privileges": self._match_text_seq("WITH", "PRIVILEGES")
     843                    and self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_var(any_token=True, upper=True)),
     844                },
     845            )
     846
     847        def _parse_put(self) -> exp.Put | exp.Command:
     848            if self._curr.token_type != TokenType.STRING:
     849                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
     850
     851            return self.expression(
     852                exp.Put,
     853                this=self._parse_string(),
     854                target=self._parse_location_path(),
     855                properties=self._parse_properties(),
     856            )
     857
     858        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     859            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     860            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     861
     862        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     863            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     864            return (
     865                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     866                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     867                else self._parse_table_parts()
     868            )
     869
     870        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     871            start = self._curr
     872            self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)
     873
     874            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     875            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     876            # in case of subqueries
     877            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     878                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     879            ):
     880                self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)
     881
     882            return exp.var(self._find_sql(start, self._prev))
     883
     884        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     885            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     886
     887            if not this:
     888                return this
     889
     890            typ = self._parse_types()
     891
     892            if typ:
     893                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     894
     895            return this
     896
     897        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
     898            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
     899            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
     900                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
     901
     902            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
     903            return super()._parse_foreign_key()
     904
     905        def _parse_file_format_property(self) -> exp.FileFormatProperty:
     906            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     907            if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
     908                expressions = self._parse_wrapped_options()
     909            else:
     910                expressions = [self._parse_format_name()]
     911
     912            return self.expression(
     913                exp.FileFormatProperty,
     914                expressions=expressions,
     915            )
     916
     917        def _parse_credentials_property(self) -> exp.CredentialsProperty:
     918            return self.expression(
     919                exp.CredentialsProperty,
     920                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_options(),
     921            )
     922
     923    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     924        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     925        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     926        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     927        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     928        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     929
     930        KEYWORDS = {
     931            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     932            "FILE://": TokenType.URI_START,
     933            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     934            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     935            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     936            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     937            "FILE FORMAT": TokenType.FILE_FORMAT,
     938            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     939            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     940            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     941            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     942            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     943            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     944            "PUT": TokenType.PUT,
     945            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     946            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     947            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     948            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     949            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     950            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     951            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     952            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     953            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     954            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     955            "STAGE": TokenType.STAGE,
     956            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     957        }
     958        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     959
     960        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     961            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     962            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     963        }
     964
     965        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     966
     967        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     968
     969    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     970        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     971        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     972        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     973        JOIN_HINTS = False
     974        TABLE_HINTS = False
     975        QUERY_HINTS = False
     976        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     977        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     978        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     979        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     980        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     981        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     982        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     983        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     984        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     985        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     986        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     987        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     988        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     989        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     990        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     991        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     992
     993        TRANSFORMS = {
     994            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     995            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     996            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     997            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     998            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
     999            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
    1000            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    1001            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1002                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    1003            ),
    1004            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
    1005            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    1006            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
    1007            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
    1008            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
    1009            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    1010            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    1011            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
    1012            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
    1013            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    1014            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    1015            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    1016            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    1017            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    1018            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    1019            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    1020            e: f"FILE_FORMAT=({self.expressions(e, 'expressions', sep=' ')})",
    1021            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1022                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    1023            ),
    1024            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1025                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    1026            ),
    1027            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(self, e, sep=""),
    1028            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    1029            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
    1030            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1031                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
    1032            ),
    1033            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    1034            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    1035            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
    1036            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
    1037                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
    1038            ),
    1039            exp.LocationProperty: lambda self, e: f"LOCATION={self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    1040            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    1041            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    1042            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    1043            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
    1044            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    1045            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    1046            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1047                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
    1048            ),
    1049            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    1050            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    1051                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    1052            ),
    1053            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    1054                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    1055            ),
    1056            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_pivot_columns]),
    1057            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
    1058            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
    1059            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    1060            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    1061            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    1062                [
    1063                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    1064                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(),
    1065                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    1066                    _transform_generate_date_array,
    1067                ]
    1068            ),
    1069            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    1070            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    1071            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    1072            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
    1073                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
    1074            ),
    1075            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    1076            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    1077            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
    1078            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    1079            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
    1080            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1081                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    1082            ),
    1083            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    1084            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    1085            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    1086            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    1087            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    1088            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
    1089            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    1090            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    1091            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1092                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
    1093            ),
    1094            exp.TsOrDsToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1095                "TRY_TO_TIME" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_TIME", e.this, self.format_time(e)
    1096            ),
    1097            exp.Unhex: rename_func("HEX_DECODE_BINARY"),
    1098            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    1099            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
    1100            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    1101            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    1102            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    1103        }
    1104
    1105        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    1106            exp.JSONPathKey,
    1107            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    1108            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    1109        }
    1110
    1111        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1112            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1113            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
    1114            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
    1115        }
    1116
    1117        TOKEN_MAPPING = {
    1118            TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: "AUTOINCREMENT",
    1119        }
    1120
    1121        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1122            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1123            exp.CredentialsProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
    1124            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
    1125            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    1126            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1127            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1128        }
    1129
    1130        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
    1131            exp.Map,
    1132            exp.StarMap,
    1133            exp.Struct,
    1134            exp.VarMap,
    1135        }
    1136
    1137        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1138            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
    1139
    1140        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1141            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1142                values_as_table = False
    1143
    1144            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
    1145
    1146        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1147            expressions = expression.expressions
    1148            if (
    1149                expressions
    1150                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1151                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1152            ):
    1153                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1154                return "OBJECT"
    1155
    1156            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1157
    1158        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1159            return self.func(
    1160                "TO_NUMBER",
    1161                expression.this,
    1162                expression.args.get("format"),
    1163                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1164                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1165            )
    1166
    1167        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1168            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1169            if milli is not None:
    1170                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1171                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1172
    1173            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1174
    1175        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1176            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1177                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1178            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1179                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1180
    1181            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1182
    1183        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1184            value = expression.this
    1185
    1186            if value.type is None:
    1187                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1188
    1189                value = annotate_types(value, dialect=self.dialect)
    1190
    1191            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1192                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1193
    1194            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1195            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1196
    1197        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1198            if not expression.expression:
    1199                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1200
    1201            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1202
    1203        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1204            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1205            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1206
    1207            columns = [
    1208                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1209                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1210                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1211                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1212                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1213                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1214                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1215            ]
    1216
    1217            if unnest_alias:
    1218                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1219            else:
    1220                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1221
    1222            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1223            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1224                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1225
    1226            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1227            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1228            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1229            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1230
    1231        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1232            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1233            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1234            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1235            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1236
    1237            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1238            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1239
    1240            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1241            if scope_kind:
    1242                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1243
    1244            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1245            if starts_with:
    1246                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1247
    1248            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1249
    1250            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1251            if from_:
    1252                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1253
    1254            privileges = self.expressions(expression, key="privileges", flat=True)
    1255            privileges = f" WITH PRIVILEGES {privileges}" if privileges else ""
    1256
    1257            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}{privileges}"
    1258
    1259        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1260            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1261            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1262            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1263            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1264            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1265            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1266            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1267
    1268        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1269            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1270        ) -> str:
    1271            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1272            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1273            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1274            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1275            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1276
    1277        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1278            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1279
    1280        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1281            keys = []
    1282            values = []
    1283
    1284            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1285                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1286                    keys.append(
    1287                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1288                    )
    1289                    values.append(e.expression)
    1290                else:
    1291                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1292                    values.append(e)
    1293
    1294            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1295
    1296        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1297        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1298            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1299
    1300        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1301            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1302            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1303            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1304            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1305            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1306            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1307            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1308            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1309
    1310            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1311
    1312        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1313            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1314            return self.func(
    1315                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1316            )
    1317
    1318        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1319            return self.sql(
    1320                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1321                    this=expression.this,
    1322                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1323                    unit=expression.unit,
    1324                )
    1325            )
    1326
    1327        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1328            this = expression.this
    1329
    1330            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1331            return self.func(
    1332                "GET_PATH",
    1333                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1334                expression.expression,
    1335            )
    1336
    1337        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1338            this = expression.this
    1339            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1340                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1341
    1342            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
    1343
    1344        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1345            value = expression.expression
    1346            if value:
    1347                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1348            else:
    1349                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1350
    1351            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
    1352
    1353        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1354            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1355            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1356            if offset and not limit:
    1357                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1358            return super().select_sql(expression)

class Snowflake(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     337class Snowflake(Dialect):
     338    # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/identifiers-syntax
     339    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE
     340    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_large"
     341    TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
     342    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     343    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     344    PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True
     345    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
     346    COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False
     347    ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS = None
     348
     349    TIME_MAPPING = {
     350        "YYYY": "%Y",
     351        "yyyy": "%Y",
     352        "YY": "%y",
     353        "yy": "%y",
     354        "MMMM": "%B",
     355        "mmmm": "%B",
     356        "MON": "%b",
     357        "mon": "%b",
     358        "MM": "%m",
     359        "mm": "%m",
     360        "DD": "%d",
     361        "dd": "%-d",
     362        "DY": "%a",
     363        "dy": "%w",
     364        "HH24": "%H",
     365        "hh24": "%H",
     366        "HH12": "%I",
     367        "hh12": "%I",
     368        "MI": "%M",
     369        "mi": "%M",
     370        "SS": "%S",
     371        "ss": "%S",
     372        "FF6": "%f",
     373        "ff6": "%f",
     374    }
     375
     376    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
     377        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
     378        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
     379        if (
     380            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     381            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
     382            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
     383        ):
     384            return expression  # type: ignore
     385
     386        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)
     387
     388    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
     389        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
     390        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")
     391
     392    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     393        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
     394        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
     395        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
     396
     397        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
     398            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
     399            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     400        }
     401
     402        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
     403        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
     404
     405        FUNCTIONS = {
     406            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     407            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
     408            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
     409            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
     410                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
     411            ),
     412            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
     413                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
     414                start=seq_get(args, 0),
     415                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
     416                step=seq_get(args, 2),
     417            ),
     418            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     419            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
     420            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     421            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
     422            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
     423            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
     424            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
     425            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
     426            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
     427            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     428            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
     429            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     430            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     431            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
     432            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
     433                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
     434            ),
     435            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
     436            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
     437                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
     438            ),
     439            "HEX_DECODE_BINARY": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
     440            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
     441            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
     442                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
     443            ),
     444            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     445            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     446            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
     447            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
     448            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     449            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
     450            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     451            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
     452            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     453            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
     454            "TABLE": lambda args: exp.TableFromRows(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
     455            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
     456            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
     457            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
     458            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
     459            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     460            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     461            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     462            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
     463            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
     464            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
     465            "TRY_TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME, safe=True),
     466            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
     467                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
     468            ),
     469            "TO_CHAR": build_timetostr_or_tochar,
     470            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
     471            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
     472                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     473                format=seq_get(args, 1),
     474                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
     475                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
     476            ),
     477            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
     478            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     479            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
     480            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
     481            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
     482            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
     483            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
     484        }
     485
     486        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     487            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     488            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
     489            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
     490            "LISTAGG": lambda self: self._parse_string_agg(),
     491        }
     492        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     493
     494        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
     495
     496        RANGE_PARSERS = {
     497            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
     498            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
     499            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
     500        }
     501
     502        ALTER_PARSERS = {
     503            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
     504            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
     505                exp.Set,
     506                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
     507                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     508                unset=True,
     509            ),
     510        }
     511
     512        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     513            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     514            TokenType.PUT: lambda self: self._parse_put(),
     515            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
     516        }
     517
     518        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     519            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     520            "CREDENTIALS": lambda self: self._parse_credentials_property(),
     521            "FILE_FORMAT": lambda self: self._parse_file_format_property(),
     522            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
     523            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
     524            "USING": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPLATE")
     525            and self.expression(exp.UsingTemplateProperty, this=self._parse_statement()),
     526        }
     527
     528        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
     529            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
     530            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
     531        }
     532
     533        SHOW_PARSERS = {
     534            "DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
     535            "TERSE DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
     536            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     537            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
     538            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     539            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
     540            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     541            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
     542            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     543            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
     544            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     545            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
     546            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     547            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
     548            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     549            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
     550            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     551            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
     552            "STAGES": _show_parser("STAGES"),
     553            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
     554            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     555            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
     556            "FILE FORMATS": _show_parser("FILE FORMATS"),
     557            "FUNCTIONS": _show_parser("FUNCTIONS"),
     558            "PROCEDURES": _show_parser("PROCEDURES"),
     559            "WAREHOUSES": _show_parser("WAREHOUSES"),
     560        }
     561
     562        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     563            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     564            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     565            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     566            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     567            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
     568        }
     569
     570        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     571            TokenType.DOT,
     572            TokenType.MOD,
     573            TokenType.SLASH,
     574        }
     575
     576        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
     577
     578        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
     579
     580        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
     581
     582        LAMBDAS = {
     583            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
     584            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
     585                exp.Lambda,
     586                this=self._replace_lambda(
     587                    self._parse_assignment(),
     588                    expressions,
     589                ),
     590                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
     591            ),
     592        }
     593
     594        def _parse_use(self) -> exp.Use:
     595            if self._match_text_seq("SECONDARY", "ROLES"):
     596                this = self._match_texts(("ALL", "NONE")) and exp.var(self._prev.text.upper())
     597                roles = None if this else self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_table(schema=False))
     598                return self.expression(
     599                    exp.Use, kind="SECONDARY ROLES", this=this, expressions=roles
     600                )
     601
     602            return super()._parse_use()
     603
     604        def _negate_range(
     605            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     606        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     607            if not this:
     608                return this
     609
     610            query = this.args.get("query")
     611            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
     612                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
     613                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
     614                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
     615                #
     616                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
     617                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
     618                return self.expression(
     619                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
     620                )
     621
     622            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
     623
     624        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
     625            return self.expression(
     626                exp.Tags,
     627                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
     628            )
     629
     630        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     631            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
     632                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
     633
     634            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
     635                policy = self._parse_column()
     636                return self.expression(
     637                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
     638                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     639                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
     640                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
     641                )
     642            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
     643                policy = self._parse_column()
     644                return self.expression(
     645                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
     646                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
     647                )
     648            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     649                return self._parse_tag()
     650
     651            return None
     652
     653        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
     654            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
     655                return self._parse_tag()
     656
     657            return super()._parse_with_property()
     658
     659        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
     660            expression = super()._parse_create()
     661            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
     662                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
     663                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
     664
     665            return expression
     666
     667        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
     668        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
     669        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     670            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
     671
     672            if not this:
     673                return None
     674
     675            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     676            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
     677            this = map_date_part(this)
     678            name = this.name.upper()
     679
     680            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
     681                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
     682                    scale = 10**3
     683                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
     684                    scale = 10**6
     685                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
     686                    scale = 10**9
     687                else:
     688                    scale = None
     689
     690                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
     691                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
     692
     693                if scale:
     694                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
     695
     696                return to_unix
     697
     698            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
     699
     700        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     701            if is_map:
     702                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
     703                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
     704                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
     705                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
     706
     707            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
     708
     709        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
     710            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
     711            if not lateral:
     712                return lateral
     713
     714            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
     715                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
     716                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
     717                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
     718                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
     719                elif not table_alias:
     720                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
     721
     722            return lateral
     723
     724        def _parse_table_parts(
     725            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     726        ) -> exp.Table:
     727            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
     728            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
     729                table = self._parse_string()
     730            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
     731                table = self._parse_location_path()
     732            else:
     733                table = None
     734
     735            if table:
     736                file_format = None
     737                pattern = None
     738
     739                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
     740                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
     741                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
     742                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
     743                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
     744                        )
     745                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
     746                        pattern = self._parse_string()
     747                    else:
     748                        break
     749
     750                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     751
     752                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
     753            else:
     754                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
     755
     756            return table
     757
     758        def _parse_table(
     759            self,
     760            schema: bool = False,
     761            joins: bool = False,
     762            alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     763            parse_bracket: bool = False,
     764            is_db_reference: bool = False,
     765            parse_partition: bool = False,
     766        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     767            table = super()._parse_table(
     768                schema=schema,
     769                joins=joins,
     770                alias_tokens=alias_tokens,
     771                parse_bracket=parse_bracket,
     772                is_db_reference=is_db_reference,
     773                parse_partition=parse_partition,
     774            )
     775            if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and isinstance(table.this, exp.TableFromRows):
     776                table_from_rows = table.this
     777                for arg in exp.TableFromRows.arg_types:
     778                    if arg != "this":
     779                        table_from_rows.set(arg, table.args.get(arg))
     780
     781                table = table_from_rows
     782
     783            return table
     784
     785        def _parse_id_var(
     786            self,
     787            any_token: bool = True,
     788            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
     789        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     790            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
     791                identifier = (
     792                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     793                    or self._parse_string()
     794                )
     795                self._match_r_paren()
     796                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
     797
     798            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
     799
     800        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
     801            scope = None
     802            scope_kind = None
     803
     804            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
     805            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
     806            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
     807
     808            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
     809
     810            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
     811
     812            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
     813                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
     814                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
     815                elif self._match_text_seq("CLASS"):
     816                    scope_kind = "CLASS"
     817                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     818                elif self._match_text_seq("APPLICATION"):
     819                    scope_kind = "APPLICATION"
     820                    if self._match_text_seq("PACKAGE"):
     821                        scope_kind += " PACKAGE"
     822                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     823                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
     824                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
     825                    if self._curr:
     826                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     827                elif self._curr:
     828                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
     829                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
     830
     831            return self.expression(
     832                exp.Show,
     833                **{
     834                    "terse": terse,
     835                    "this": this,
     836                    "history": history,
     837                    "like": like,
     838                    "scope": scope,
     839                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
     840                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
     841                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
     842                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
     843                    "privileges": self._match_text_seq("WITH", "PRIVILEGES")
     844                    and self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_var(any_token=True, upper=True)),
     845                },
     846            )
     847
     848        def _parse_put(self) -> exp.Put | exp.Command:
     849            if self._curr.token_type != TokenType.STRING:
     850                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
     851
     852            return self.expression(
     853                exp.Put,
     854                this=self._parse_string(),
     855                target=self._parse_location_path(),
     856                properties=self._parse_properties(),
     857            )
     858
     859        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
     860            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     861            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
     862
     863        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     864            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
     865            return (
     866                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
     867                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
     868                else self._parse_table_parts()
     869            )
     870
     871        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
     872            start = self._curr
     873            self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)
     874
     875            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
     876            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
     877            # in case of subqueries
     878            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     879                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
     880            ):
     881                self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)
     882
     883            return exp.var(self._find_sql(start, self._prev))
     884
     885        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     886            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
     887
     888            if not this:
     889                return this
     890
     891            typ = self._parse_types()
     892
     893            if typ:
     894                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
     895
     896            return this
     897
     898        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
     899            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
     900            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
     901                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
     902
     903            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
     904            return super()._parse_foreign_key()
     905
     906        def _parse_file_format_property(self) -> exp.FileFormatProperty:
     907            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
     908            if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
     909                expressions = self._parse_wrapped_options()
     910            else:
     911                expressions = [self._parse_format_name()]
     912
     913            return self.expression(
     914                exp.FileFormatProperty,
     915                expressions=expressions,
     916            )
     917
     918        def _parse_credentials_property(self) -> exp.CredentialsProperty:
     919            return self.expression(
     920                exp.CredentialsProperty,
     921                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_options(),
     922            )
     923
     924    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     925        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
     926        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
     927        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
     928        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
     929        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
     930
     931        KEYWORDS = {
     932            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     933            "FILE://": TokenType.URI_START,
     934            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     935            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     936            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     937            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     938            "FILE FORMAT": TokenType.FILE_FORMAT,
     939            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
     940            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
     941            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
     942            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
     943            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
     944            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     945            "PUT": TokenType.PUT,
     946            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     947            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
     948            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
     949            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     950            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
     951            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
     952            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
     953            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     954            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
     955            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
     956            "STAGE": TokenType.STAGE,
     957            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
     958        }
     959        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     960
     961        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
     962            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
     963            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
     964        }
     965
     966        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
     967
     968        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}
     969
     970    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     971        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     972        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     973        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     974        JOIN_HINTS = False
     975        TABLE_HINTS = False
     976        QUERY_HINTS = False
     977        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     978        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     979        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     980        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     981        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     982        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     983        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     984        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     985        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     986        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     987        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     988        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     989        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     990        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     991        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     992        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     993
     994        TRANSFORMS = {
     995            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     996            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     997            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     998            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     999            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    1000            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
    1001            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    1002            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1003                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    1004            ),
    1005            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
    1006            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    1007            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
    1008            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
    1009            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
    1010            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    1011            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    1012            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
    1013            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
    1014            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    1015            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    1016            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    1017            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    1018            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    1019            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    1020            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    1021            e: f"FILE_FORMAT=({self.expressions(e, 'expressions', sep=' ')})",
    1022            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1023                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    1024            ),
    1025            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1026                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    1027            ),
    1028            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(self, e, sep=""),
    1029            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    1030            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
    1031            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1032                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
    1033            ),
    1034            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    1035            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    1036            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
    1037            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
    1038                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
    1039            ),
    1040            exp.LocationProperty: lambda self, e: f"LOCATION={self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    1041            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    1042            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    1043            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    1044            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
    1045            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    1046            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    1047            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1048                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
    1049            ),
    1050            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    1051            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    1052                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    1053            ),
    1054            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    1055                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    1056            ),
    1057            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_pivot_columns]),
    1058            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
    1059            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
    1060            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    1061            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    1062            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    1063                [
    1064                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    1065                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(),
    1066                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    1067                    _transform_generate_date_array,
    1068                ]
    1069            ),
    1070            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    1071            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    1072            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    1073            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
    1074                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
    1075            ),
    1076            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    1077            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    1078            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
    1079            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    1080            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
    1081            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1082                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    1083            ),
    1084            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    1085            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    1086            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    1087            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    1088            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    1089            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
    1090            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    1091            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    1092            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1093                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
    1094            ),
    1095            exp.TsOrDsToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1096                "TRY_TO_TIME" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_TIME", e.this, self.format_time(e)
    1097            ),
    1098            exp.Unhex: rename_func("HEX_DECODE_BINARY"),
    1099            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    1100            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
    1101            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    1102            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    1103            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    1104        }
    1105
    1106        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    1107            exp.JSONPathKey,
    1108            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    1109            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    1110        }
    1111
    1112        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1113            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1114            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
    1115            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
    1116        }
    1117
    1118        TOKEN_MAPPING = {
    1119            TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: "AUTOINCREMENT",
    1120        }
    1121
    1122        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1123            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1124            exp.CredentialsProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
    1125            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
    1126            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    1127            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1128            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1129        }
    1130
    1131        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
    1132            exp.Map,
    1133            exp.StarMap,
    1134            exp.Struct,
    1135            exp.VarMap,
    1136        }
    1137
    1138        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1139            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
    1140
    1141        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1142            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1143                values_as_table = False
    1144
    1145            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
    1146
    1147        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1148            expressions = expression.expressions
    1149            if (
    1150                expressions
    1151                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1152                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1153            ):
    1154                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1155                return "OBJECT"
    1156
    1157            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1158
    1159        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1160            return self.func(
    1161                "TO_NUMBER",
    1162                expression.this,
    1163                expression.args.get("format"),
    1164                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1165                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1166            )
    1167
    1168        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1169            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1170            if milli is not None:
    1171                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1172                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1173
    1174            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1175
    1176        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1177            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1178                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1179            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1180                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1181
    1182            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1183
    1184        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1185            value = expression.this
    1186
    1187            if value.type is None:
    1188                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1189
    1190                value = annotate_types(value, dialect=self.dialect)
    1191
    1192            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1193                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1194
    1195            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1196            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1197
    1198        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1199            if not expression.expression:
    1200                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1201
    1202            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1203
    1204        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1205            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1206            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1207
    1208            columns = [
    1209                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1210                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1211                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1212                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1213                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1214                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1215                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1216            ]
    1217
    1218            if unnest_alias:
    1219                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1220            else:
    1221                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1222
    1223            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1224            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1225                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1226
    1227            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1228            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1229            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1230            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1231
    1232        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1233            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1234            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1235            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1236            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1237
    1238            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1239            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1240
    1241            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1242            if scope_kind:
    1243                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1244
    1245            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1246            if starts_with:
    1247                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1248
    1249            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1250
    1251            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1252            if from_:
    1253                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1254
    1255            privileges = self.expressions(expression, key="privileges", flat=True)
    1256            privileges = f" WITH PRIVILEGES {privileges}" if privileges else ""
    1257
    1258            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}{privileges}"
    1259
    1260        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1261            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1262            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1263            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1264            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1265            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1266            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1267            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1268
    1269        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1270            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1271        ) -> str:
    1272            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1273            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1274            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1275            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1276            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1277
    1278        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1279            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1280
    1281        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1282            keys = []
    1283            values = []
    1284
    1285            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1286                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1287                    keys.append(
    1288                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1289                    )
    1290                    values.append(e.expression)
    1291                else:
    1292                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1293                    values.append(e)
    1294
    1295            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1296
    1297        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1298        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1299            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1300
    1301        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1302            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1303            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1304            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1305            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1306            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1307            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1308            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1309            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1310
    1311            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1312
    1313        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1314            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1315            return self.func(
    1316                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1317            )
    1318
    1319        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1320            return self.sql(
    1321                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1322                    this=expression.this,
    1323                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1324                    unit=expression.unit,
    1325                )
    1326            )
    1327
    1328        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1329            this = expression.this
    1330
    1331            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1332            return self.func(
    1333                "GET_PATH",
    1334                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1335                expression.expression,
    1336            )
    1337
    1338        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1339            this = expression.this
    1340            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1341                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1342
    1343            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
    1344
    1345        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1346            value = expression.expression
    1347            if value:
    1348                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1349            else:
    1350                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1351
    1352            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
    1353
    1354        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1355            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1356            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1357            if offset and not limit:
    1358                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1359            return super().select_sql(expression)

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.UPPERCASE: 'UPPERCASE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_large'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS'"
SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

PREFER_CTE_ALIAS_COLUMN = True

Some dialects, such as Snowflake, allow you to reference a CTE column alias in the HAVING clause of the CTE. This flag will cause the CTE alias columns to override any projection aliases in the subquery.

For example, WITH y(c) AS ( SELECT SUM(a) FROM (SELECT 1 a) AS x HAVING c > 0 ) SELECT c FROM y;

    will be rewritten as

    WITH y(c) AS (
        SELECT SUM(a) AS c FROM (SELECT 1 AS a) AS x HAVING c > 0
    ) SELECT c FROM y;

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

COPY_PARAMS_ARE_CSV = False

Whether COPY statement parameters are separated by comma or whitespace

ARRAY_AGG_INCLUDES_NULLS: Optional[bool] = None

Whether ArrayAgg needs to filter NULL values.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'YYYY': '%Y', 'yyyy': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'yy': '%y', 'MMMM': '%B', 'mmmm': '%B', 'MON': '%b', 'mon': '%b', 'MM': '%m', 'mm': '%m', 'DD': '%d', 'dd': '%-d', 'DY': '%a', 'dy': '%w', 'HH24': '%H', 'hh24': '%H', 'HH12': '%I', 'hh12': '%I', 'MI': '%M', 'mi': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'ss': '%S', 'FF6': '%f', 'ff6': '%f'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

def quote_identifier(self, expression: ~E, identify: bool = True) -> ~E: View Source

    376    def quote_identifier(self, expression: E, identify: bool = True) -> E:
    377        # This disables quoting DUAL in SELECT ... FROM DUAL, because Snowflake treats an
    378        # unquoted DUAL keyword in a special way and does not map it to a user-defined table
    379        if (
    380            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    381            and isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Table)
    382            and expression.name.lower() == "dual"
    383        ):
    384            return expression  # type: ignore
    385
    386        return super().quote_identifier(expression, identify=identify)

Adds quotes to a given identifier.

###### Arguments:

- expression: The expression of interest. If it's not an `Identifier`, this method is a no-op.
- identify: If set to `False`, the quotes will only be added if the identifier is deemed "unsafe", with respect to its characters and this dialect's normalization strategy.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Snowflake.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Snowflake.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {'6': {0: True}}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'y': {'y': {'y': {'y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {'M': {'M': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'm': {'m': {'m': {'m': {0: True}}, 0: True}, 'o': {'n': {0: True}}, 'i': {0: True}}, 'D': {'D': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}}, 'd': {'d': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'h': {'h': {'2': {'4': {0: True}}, '1': {'2': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True}}, 's': {'s': {0: True}}, 'F': {'F': {'6': {0: True}}}, 'f': {'f': {'6': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%Y': 'yyyy', '%y': 'yy', '%B': 'mmmm', '%b': 'mon', '%m': 'mm', '%d': 'DD', '%-d': 'dd', '%a': 'DY', '%w': 'dy', '%H': 'hh24', '%I': 'hh12', '%M': 'mi', '%S': 'ss', '%f': 'ff6'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}, 'a': {0: True}, 'w': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class Snowflake.JSONPathTokenizer(sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer): View Source

    388    class JSONPathTokenizer(jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer):
    389        SINGLE_TOKENS = jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS.copy()
    390        SINGLE_TOKENS.pop("$")

SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, "'": <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '"': <TokenType.QUOTE: 'QUOTE'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEX_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens
sqlglot.jsonpath.JSONPathTokenizer
  KEYWORDS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  STRING_ESCAPES

class Snowflake.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    392    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    393        IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
    394        DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = "BERNOULLI"
    395        COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
    396
    397        ID_VAR_TOKENS = {
    398            *parser.Parser.ID_VAR_TOKENS,
    399            TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    400        }
    401
    402        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = parser.Parser.TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS | {TokenType.WINDOW}
    403        TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS.discard(TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION)
    404
    405        FUNCTIONS = {
    406            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    407            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list,
    408            "ARRAY_CONSTRUCT": lambda args: exp.Array(expressions=args),
    409            "ARRAY_CONTAINS": lambda args: exp.ArrayContains(
    410                this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=seq_get(args, 0)
    411            ),
    412            "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE": lambda args: exp.GenerateSeries(
    413                # ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE has an exlusive end; we normalize it to be inclusive
    414                start=seq_get(args, 0),
    415                end=exp.Sub(this=seq_get(args, 1), expression=exp.Literal.number(1)),
    416                step=seq_get(args, 2),
    417            ),
    418            "BITXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
    419            "BIT_XOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseXor, "BITXOR"),
    420            "BITOR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
    421            "BIT_OR": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseOr, "BITOR"),
    422            "BITSHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BITSHIFTLEFT"),
    423            "BIT_SHIFTLEFT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseLeftShift, "BIT_SHIFTLEFT"),
    424            "BITSHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
    425            "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT": _build_bitwise(exp.BitwiseRightShift, "BIT_SHIFTRIGHT"),
    426            "BOOLXOR": _build_bitwise(exp.Xor, "BOOLXOR"),
    427            "DATE": _build_datetime("DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    428            "DATE_TRUNC": _date_trunc_to_time,
    429            "DATEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    430            "DATEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    431            "DIV0": _build_if_from_div0,
    432            "EDITDISTANCE": lambda args: exp.Levenshtein(
    433                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=seq_get(args, 1), max_dist=seq_get(args, 2)
    434            ),
    435            "FLATTEN": exp.Explode.from_arg_list,
    436            "GET_PATH": lambda args, dialect: exp.JSONExtract(
    437                this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=dialect.to_json_path(seq_get(args, 1))
    438            ),
    439            "HEX_DECODE_BINARY": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    440            "IFF": exp.If.from_arg_list,
    441            "LAST_DAY": lambda args: exp.LastDay(
    442                this=seq_get(args, 0), unit=map_date_part(seq_get(args, 1))
    443            ),
    444            "LEN": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    445            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    446            "NULLIFZERO": _build_if_from_nullifzero,
    447            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT": _build_object_construct,
    448            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    449            "REGEXP_REPLACE": _build_regexp_replace,
    450            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    451            "REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    452            "RLIKE": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    453            "SQUARE": lambda args: exp.Pow(this=seq_get(args, 0), expression=exp.Literal.number(2)),
    454            "TABLE": lambda args: exp.TableFromRows(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    455            "TIMEADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.TimeAdd),
    456            "TIMEDIFF": _build_datediff,
    457            "TIMESTAMPADD": _build_date_time_add(exp.DateAdd),
    458            "TIMESTAMPDIFF": _build_datediff,
    459            "TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    460            "TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    461            "TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    462            "TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS": build_timestamp_from_parts,
    463            "TRY_PARSE_JSON": lambda args: exp.ParseJSON(this=seq_get(args, 0), safe=True),
    464            "TRY_TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE, safe=True),
    465            "TRY_TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TRY_TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME, safe=True),
    466            "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime(
    467                "TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP, safe=True
    468            ),
    469            "TO_CHAR": build_timetostr_or_tochar,
    470            "TO_DATE": _build_datetime("TO_DATE", exp.DataType.Type.DATE),
    471            "TO_NUMBER": lambda args: exp.ToNumber(
    472                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    473                format=seq_get(args, 1),
    474                precision=seq_get(args, 2),
    475                scale=seq_get(args, 3),
    476            ),
    477            "TO_TIME": _build_datetime("TO_TIME", exp.DataType.Type.TIME),
    478            "TO_TIMESTAMP": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    479            "TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ),
    480            "TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP),
    481            "TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ": _build_datetime("TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ", exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ),
    482            "TO_VARCHAR": exp.ToChar.from_arg_list,
    483            "ZEROIFNULL": _build_if_from_zeroifnull,
    484        }
    485
    486        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    487            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    488            "DATE_PART": lambda self: self._parse_date_part(),
    489            "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL": lambda self: self._parse_json_object(),
    490            "LISTAGG": lambda self: self._parse_string_agg(),
    491        }
    492        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    493
    494        TIMESTAMPS = parser.Parser.TIMESTAMPS - {TokenType.TIME}
    495
    496        RANGE_PARSERS = {
    497            **parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS,
    498            TokenType.LIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.LikeAny),
    499            TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: parser.binary_range_parser(exp.ILikeAny),
    500        }
    501
    502        ALTER_PARSERS = {
    503            **parser.Parser.ALTER_PARSERS,
    504            "UNSET": lambda self: self.expression(
    505                exp.Set,
    506                tag=self._match_text_seq("TAG"),
    507                expressions=self._parse_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    508                unset=True,
    509            ),
    510        }
    511
    512        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    513            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    514            TokenType.PUT: lambda self: self._parse_put(),
    515            TokenType.SHOW: lambda self: self._parse_show(),
    516        }
    517
    518        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    519            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    520            "CREDENTIALS": lambda self: self._parse_credentials_property(),
    521            "FILE_FORMAT": lambda self: self._parse_file_format_property(),
    522            "LOCATION": lambda self: self._parse_location_property(),
    523            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_tag(),
    524            "USING": lambda self: self._match_text_seq("TEMPLATE")
    525            and self.expression(exp.UsingTemplateProperty, this=self._parse_statement()),
    526        }
    527
    528        TYPE_CONVERTERS = {
    529            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-numeric#number
    530            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: build_default_decimal_type(precision=38, scale=0),
    531        }
    532
    533        SHOW_PARSERS = {
    534            "DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
    535            "TERSE DATABASES": _show_parser("DATABASES"),
    536            "SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    537            "TERSE SCHEMAS": _show_parser("SCHEMAS"),
    538            "OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    539            "TERSE OBJECTS": _show_parser("OBJECTS"),
    540            "TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    541            "TERSE TABLES": _show_parser("TABLES"),
    542            "VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    543            "TERSE VIEWS": _show_parser("VIEWS"),
    544            "PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    545            "TERSE PRIMARY KEYS": _show_parser("PRIMARY KEYS"),
    546            "IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    547            "TERSE IMPORTED KEYS": _show_parser("IMPORTED KEYS"),
    548            "UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    549            "TERSE UNIQUE KEYS": _show_parser("UNIQUE KEYS"),
    550            "SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    551            "TERSE SEQUENCES": _show_parser("SEQUENCES"),
    552            "STAGES": _show_parser("STAGES"),
    553            "COLUMNS": _show_parser("COLUMNS"),
    554            "USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    555            "TERSE USERS": _show_parser("USERS"),
    556            "FILE FORMATS": _show_parser("FILE FORMATS"),
    557            "FUNCTIONS": _show_parser("FUNCTIONS"),
    558            "PROCEDURES": _show_parser("PROCEDURES"),
    559            "WAREHOUSES": _show_parser("WAREHOUSES"),
    560        }
    561
    562        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    563            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    564            "WITH": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    565            "MASKING": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    566            "PROJECTION": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    567            "TAG": lambda self: self._parse_with_constraint(),
    568        }
    569
    570        STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    571            TokenType.DOT,
    572            TokenType.MOD,
    573            TokenType.SLASH,
    574        }
    575
    576        FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ["SEQ", "KEY", "PATH", "INDEX", "VALUE", "THIS"]
    577
    578        SCHEMA_KINDS = {"OBJECTS", "TABLES", "VIEWS", "SEQUENCES", "UNIQUE KEYS", "IMPORTED KEYS"}
    579
    580        NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {"STORAGE INTEGRATION", "TAG", "WAREHOUSE", "STREAMLIT"}
    581
    582        LAMBDAS = {
    583            **parser.Parser.LAMBDAS,
    584            TokenType.ARROW: lambda self, expressions: self.expression(
    585                exp.Lambda,
    586                this=self._replace_lambda(
    587                    self._parse_assignment(),
    588                    expressions,
    589                ),
    590                expressions=[e.this if isinstance(e, exp.Cast) else e for e in expressions],
    591            ),
    592        }
    593
    594        def _parse_use(self) -> exp.Use:
    595            if self._match_text_seq("SECONDARY", "ROLES"):
    596                this = self._match_texts(("ALL", "NONE")) and exp.var(self._prev.text.upper())
    597                roles = None if this else self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_table(schema=False))
    598                return self.expression(
    599                    exp.Use, kind="SECONDARY ROLES", this=this, expressions=roles
    600                )
    601
    602            return super()._parse_use()
    603
    604        def _negate_range(
    605            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    606        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    607            if not this:
    608                return this
    609
    610            query = this.args.get("query")
    611            if isinstance(this, exp.In) and isinstance(query, exp.Query):
    612                # Snowflake treats `value NOT IN (subquery)` as `VALUE <> ALL (subquery)`, so
    613                # we do this conversion here to avoid parsing it into `NOT value IN (subquery)`
    614                # which can produce different results (most likely a SnowFlake bug).
    615                #
    616                # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/in
    617                # Context: https://github.com/tobymao/sqlglot/issues/3890
    618                return self.expression(
    619                    exp.NEQ, this=this.this, expression=exp.All(this=query.unnest())
    620                )
    621
    622            return self.expression(exp.Not, this=this)
    623
    624        def _parse_tag(self) -> exp.Tags:
    625            return self.expression(
    626                exp.Tags,
    627                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_property),
    628            )
    629
    630        def _parse_with_constraint(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    631            if self._prev.token_type != TokenType.WITH:
    632                self._retreat(self._index - 1)
    633
    634            if self._match_text_seq("MASKING", "POLICY"):
    635                policy = self._parse_column()
    636                return self.expression(
    637                    exp.MaskingPolicyColumnConstraint,
    638                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    639                    expressions=self._match(TokenType.USING)
    640                    and self._parse_wrapped_csv(self._parse_id_var),
    641                )
    642            if self._match_text_seq("PROJECTION", "POLICY"):
    643                policy = self._parse_column()
    644                return self.expression(
    645                    exp.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint,
    646                    this=policy.to_dot() if isinstance(policy, exp.Column) else policy,
    647                )
    648            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    649                return self._parse_tag()
    650
    651            return None
    652
    653        def _parse_with_property(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression] | t.List[exp.Expression]:
    654            if self._match(TokenType.TAG):
    655                return self._parse_tag()
    656
    657            return super()._parse_with_property()
    658
    659        def _parse_create(self) -> exp.Create | exp.Command:
    660            expression = super()._parse_create()
    661            if isinstance(expression, exp.Create) and expression.kind in self.NON_TABLE_CREATABLES:
    662                # Replace the Table node with the enclosed Identifier
    663                expression.this.replace(expression.this.this)
    664
    665            return expression
    666
    667        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/date_part.html
    668        # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions-date-time.html#label-supported-date-time-parts
    669        def _parse_date_part(self: Snowflake.Parser) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    670            this = self._parse_var() or self._parse_type()
    671
    672            if not this:
    673                return None
    674
    675            self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    676            expression = self._parse_bitwise()
    677            this = map_date_part(this)
    678            name = this.name.upper()
    679
    680            if name.startswith("EPOCH"):
    681                if name == "EPOCH_MILLISECOND":
    682                    scale = 10**3
    683                elif name == "EPOCH_MICROSECOND":
    684                    scale = 10**6
    685                elif name == "EPOCH_NANOSECOND":
    686                    scale = 10**9
    687                else:
    688                    scale = None
    689
    690                ts = self.expression(exp.Cast, this=expression, to=exp.DataType.build("TIMESTAMP"))
    691                to_unix: exp.Expression = self.expression(exp.TimeToUnix, this=ts)
    692
    693                if scale:
    694                    to_unix = exp.Mul(this=to_unix, expression=exp.Literal.number(scale))
    695
    696                return to_unix
    697
    698            return self.expression(exp.Extract, this=this, expression=expression)
    699
    700        def _parse_bracket_key_value(self, is_map: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    701            if is_map:
    702                # Keys are strings in Snowflake's objects, see also:
    703                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/data-types-semistructured
    704                # - https://docs.snowflake.com/en/sql-reference/functions/object_construct
    705                return self._parse_slice(self._parse_string())
    706
    707            return self._parse_slice(self._parse_alias(self._parse_assignment(), explicit=True))
    708
    709        def _parse_lateral(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Lateral]:
    710            lateral = super()._parse_lateral()
    711            if not lateral:
    712                return lateral
    713
    714            if isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode):
    715                table_alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    716                columns = [exp.to_identifier(col) for col in self.FLATTEN_COLUMNS]
    717                if table_alias and not table_alias.args.get("columns"):
    718                    table_alias.set("columns", columns)
    719                elif not table_alias:
    720                    exp.alias_(lateral, "_flattened", table=columns, copy=False)
    721
    722            return lateral
    723
    724        def _parse_table_parts(
    725            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    726        ) -> exp.Table:
    727            # https://docs.snowflake.com/en/user-guide/querying-stage
    728            if self._match(TokenType.STRING, advance=False):
    729                table = self._parse_string()
    730            elif self._match_text_seq("@", advance=False):
    731                table = self._parse_location_path()
    732            else:
    733                table = None
    734
    735            if table:
    736                file_format = None
    737                pattern = None
    738
    739                wrapped = self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN)
    740                while self._curr and wrapped and not self._match(TokenType.R_PAREN):
    741                    if self._match_text_seq("FILE_FORMAT", "=>"):
    742                        file_format = self._parse_string() or super()._parse_table_parts(
    743                            is_db_reference=is_db_reference
    744                        )
    745                    elif self._match_text_seq("PATTERN", "=>"):
    746                        pattern = self._parse_string()
    747                    else:
    748                        break
    749
    750                    self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    751
    752                table = self.expression(exp.Table, this=table, format=file_format, pattern=pattern)
    753            else:
    754                table = super()._parse_table_parts(schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference)
    755
    756            return table
    757
    758        def _parse_table(
    759            self,
    760            schema: bool = False,
    761            joins: bool = False,
    762            alias_tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    763            parse_bracket: bool = False,
    764            is_db_reference: bool = False,
    765            parse_partition: bool = False,
    766        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    767            table = super()._parse_table(
    768                schema=schema,
    769                joins=joins,
    770                alias_tokens=alias_tokens,
    771                parse_bracket=parse_bracket,
    772                is_db_reference=is_db_reference,
    773                parse_partition=parse_partition,
    774            )
    775            if isinstance(table, exp.Table) and isinstance(table.this, exp.TableFromRows):
    776                table_from_rows = table.this
    777                for arg in exp.TableFromRows.arg_types:
    778                    if arg != "this":
    779                        table_from_rows.set(arg, table.args.get(arg))
    780
    781                table = table_from_rows
    782
    783            return table
    784
    785        def _parse_id_var(
    786            self,
    787            any_token: bool = True,
    788            tokens: t.Optional[t.Collection[TokenType]] = None,
    789        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    790            if self._match_text_seq("IDENTIFIER", "("):
    791                identifier = (
    792                    super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    793                    or self._parse_string()
    794                )
    795                self._match_r_paren()
    796                return self.expression(exp.Anonymous, this="IDENTIFIER", expressions=[identifier])
    797
    798            return super()._parse_id_var(any_token=any_token, tokens=tokens)
    799
    800        def _parse_show_snowflake(self, this: str) -> exp.Show:
    801            scope = None
    802            scope_kind = None
    803
    804            # will identity SHOW TERSE SCHEMAS but not SHOW TERSE PRIMARY KEYS
    805            # which is syntactically valid but has no effect on the output
    806            terse = self._tokens[self._index - 2].text.upper() == "TERSE"
    807
    808            history = self._match_text_seq("HISTORY")
    809
    810            like = self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.LIKE) else None
    811
    812            if self._match(TokenType.IN):
    813                if self._match_text_seq("ACCOUNT"):
    814                    scope_kind = "ACCOUNT"
    815                elif self._match_text_seq("CLASS"):
    816                    scope_kind = "CLASS"
    817                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    818                elif self._match_text_seq("APPLICATION"):
    819                    scope_kind = "APPLICATION"
    820                    if self._match_text_seq("PACKAGE"):
    821                        scope_kind += " PACKAGE"
    822                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    823                elif self._match_set(self.DB_CREATABLES):
    824                    scope_kind = self._prev.text.upper()
    825                    if self._curr:
    826                        scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    827                elif self._curr:
    828                    scope_kind = "SCHEMA" if this in self.SCHEMA_KINDS else "TABLE"
    829                    scope = self._parse_table_parts()
    830
    831            return self.expression(
    832                exp.Show,
    833                **{
    834                    "terse": terse,
    835                    "this": this,
    836                    "history": history,
    837                    "like": like,
    838                    "scope": scope,
    839                    "scope_kind": scope_kind,
    840                    "starts_with": self._match_text_seq("STARTS", "WITH") and self._parse_string(),
    841                    "limit": self._parse_limit(),
    842                    "from": self._parse_string() if self._match(TokenType.FROM) else None,
    843                    "privileges": self._match_text_seq("WITH", "PRIVILEGES")
    844                    and self._parse_csv(lambda: self._parse_var(any_token=True, upper=True)),
    845                },
    846            )
    847
    848        def _parse_put(self) -> exp.Put | exp.Command:
    849            if self._curr.token_type != TokenType.STRING:
    850                return self._parse_as_command(self._prev)
    851
    852            return self.expression(
    853                exp.Put,
    854                this=self._parse_string(),
    855                target=self._parse_location_path(),
    856                properties=self._parse_properties(),
    857            )
    858
    859        def _parse_location_property(self) -> exp.LocationProperty:
    860            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    861            return self.expression(exp.LocationProperty, this=self._parse_location_path())
    862
    863        def _parse_file_location(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    864            # Parse either a subquery or a staged file
    865            return (
    866                self._parse_select(table=True, parse_subquery_alias=False)
    867                if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False)
    868                else self._parse_table_parts()
    869            )
    870
    871        def _parse_location_path(self) -> exp.Var:
    872            start = self._curr
    873            self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)
    874
    875            # We avoid consuming a comma token because external tables like @foo and @bar
    876            # can be joined in a query with a comma separator, as well as closing paren
    877            # in case of subqueries
    878            while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    879                (TokenType.COMMA, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN), advance=False
    880            ):
    881                self._advance_any(ignore_reserved=True)
    882
    883            return exp.var(self._find_sql(start, self._prev))
    884
    885        def _parse_lambda_arg(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    886            this = super()._parse_lambda_arg()
    887
    888            if not this:
    889                return this
    890
    891            typ = self._parse_types()
    892
    893            if typ:
    894                return self.expression(exp.Cast, this=this, to=typ)
    895
    896            return this
    897
    898        def _parse_foreign_key(self) -> exp.ForeignKey:
    899            # inlineFK, the REFERENCES columns are implied
    900            if self._match(TokenType.REFERENCES, advance=False):
    901                return self.expression(exp.ForeignKey)
    902
    903            # outoflineFK, explicitly names the columns
    904            return super()._parse_foreign_key()
    905
    906        def _parse_file_format_property(self) -> exp.FileFormatProperty:
    907            self._match(TokenType.EQ)
    908            if self._match(TokenType.L_PAREN, advance=False):
    909                expressions = self._parse_wrapped_options()
    910            else:
    911                expressions = [self._parse_format_name()]
    912
    913            return self.expression(
    914                exp.FileFormatProperty,
    915                expressions=expressions,
    916            )
    917
    918        def _parse_credentials_property(self) -> exp.CredentialsProperty:
    919            return self.expression(
    920                exp.CredentialsProperty,
    921                expressions=self._parse_wrapped_options(),
    922            )

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS = True
DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD = 'BERNOULLI'
COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT = True
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>}
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method 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method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function _build_regexp_replace>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function build_timetostr_or_tochar>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITXOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_XOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_OR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITSHIFTLEFT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_SHIFTLEFT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BITSHIFTRIGHT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BIT_SHIFTRIGHT': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'BOOLXOR': <function _build_bitwise.<locals>._builder>, 'DATEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'DIV0': <function _build_if_from_div0>, 'EDITDISTANCE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'GET_PATH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEX_DECODE_BINARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'IFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'NULLIFZERO': <function _build_if_from_nullifzero>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT': <function _build_object_construct>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'RLIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'SQUARE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TABLE': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMEADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMEDIFF': <function _build_datediff>, 'TIMESTAMPADD': <function _build_date_time_add.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZFROMPARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ_FROM_PARTS': <function build_timestamp_from_parts>, 'TRY_PARSE_JSON': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TRY_TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_DATE': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIME': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_TIMESTAMP_TZ': <function _build_datetime.<locals>._builder>, 'TO_VARCHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'ZEROIFNULL': <function _build_if_from_zeroifnull>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_PART': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LISTAGG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TIMESTAMPS = {<TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>}
ALTER_PARSERS = {'ADD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALTER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DELETE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DROP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RENAME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SWAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNSET': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CREDENTIALS': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FILE_FORMAT': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
TYPE_CONVERTERS = {<Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: <function build_default_decimal_type.<locals>._builder>}
SHOW_PARSERS = {'DATABASES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE DATABASES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SCHEMAS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE OBJECTS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE TABLES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE VIEWS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE PRIMARY KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE IMPORTED KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE UNIQUE KEYS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE SEQUENCES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'STAGES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'COLUMNS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'TERSE USERS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'FILE FORMATS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'FUNCTIONS': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'PROCEDURES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>, 'WAREHOUSES': <function _show_parser.<locals>._parse>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WATERMARK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MASKING': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PROJECTION': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TAG': <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>}
STAGED_FILE_SINGLE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>}
FLATTEN_COLUMNS = ['SEQ', 'KEY', 'PATH', 'INDEX', 'VALUE', 'THIS']
SCHEMA_KINDS = {'SEQUENCES', 'UNIQUE KEYS', 'TABLES', 'VIEWS', 'IMPORTED KEYS', 'OBJECTS'}
NON_TABLE_CREATABLES = {'TAG', 'STREAMLIT', 'WAREHOUSE', 'STORAGE INTEGRATION'}
LAMBDAS = {<TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>: <function Snowflake.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {'DATABASES': {0: True}, 'TERSE': {'DATABASES': {0: True}, 'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}}, 'SCHEMAS': {0: True}, 'OBJECTS': {0: True}, 'TABLES': {0: True}, 'VIEWS': {0: True}, 'PRIMARY': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'IMPORTED': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'UNIQUE': {'KEYS': {0: True}}, 'SEQUENCES': {0: True}, 'STAGES': {0: True}, 'COLUMNS': {0: True}, 'USERS': {0: True}, 'FILE': {'FORMATS': {0: True}}, 'FUNCTIONS': {0: True}, 'PROCEDURES': {0: True}, 'WAREHOUSES': {0: True}}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
  MODIFIABLES
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  parse_set_operation
  errors
  sql

class Snowflake.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    924    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    925        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\", "'"]
    926        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    927        RAW_STRINGS = ["$$"]
    928        COMMENTS = ["--", "//", ("/*", "*/")]
    929        NESTED_COMMENTS = False
    930
    931        KEYWORDS = {
    932            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    933            "FILE://": TokenType.URI_START,
    934            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    935            "CHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    936            "CHARACTER VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    937            "EXCLUDE": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    938            "FILE FORMAT": TokenType.FILE_FORMAT,
    939            "ILIKE ANY": TokenType.ILIKE_ANY,
    940            "LIKE ANY": TokenType.LIKE_ANY,
    941            "MATCH_CONDITION": TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION,
    942            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    943            "MINUS": TokenType.EXCEPT,
    944            "NCHAR VARYING": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    945            "PUT": TokenType.PUT,
    946            "REMOVE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    947            "RM": TokenType.COMMAND,
    948            "SAMPLE": TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE,
    949            "SQL_DOUBLE": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    950            "SQL_VARCHAR": TokenType.VARCHAR,
    951            "STORAGE INTEGRATION": TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION,
    952            "TAG": TokenType.TAG,
    953            "TIMESTAMP_TZ": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    954            "TOP": TokenType.TOP,
    955            "WAREHOUSE": TokenType.WAREHOUSE,
    956            "STAGE": TokenType.STAGE,
    957            "STREAMLIT": TokenType.STREAMLIT,
    958        }
    959        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    960
    961        SINGLE_TOKENS = {
    962            **tokens.Tokenizer.SINGLE_TOKENS,
    963            "$": TokenType.PARAMETER,
    964        }
    965
    966        VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {"$"}
    967
    968        COMMANDS = tokens.Tokenizer.COMMANDS - {TokenType.SHOW}

STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\', "'"]
HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
RAW_STRINGS = ['$$']
COMMENTS = ['--', '//', ('/*', '*/')]
NESTED_COMMENTS = False
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FILE://': <TokenType.URI_START: 'URI_START'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'EXCLUDE': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'FILE FORMAT': <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, 'ILIKE ANY': <TokenType.ILIKE_ANY: 'ILIKE_ANY'>, 'LIKE ANY': <TokenType.LIKE_ANY: 'LIKE_ANY'>, 'MATCH_CONDITION': <TokenType.MATCH_CONDITION: 'MATCH_CONDITION'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'MINUS': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'NCHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'PUT': <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, 'REMOVE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'SAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'SQL_DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'SQL_VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'STORAGE INTEGRATION': <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, 'TAG': <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, 'TIMESTAMP_TZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TOP': <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, 'WAREHOUSE': <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, 'STAGE': <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, 'STREAMLIT': <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>}
SINGLE_TOKENS = {'(': <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>, ')': <TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, '[': <TokenType.L_BRACKET: 'L_BRACKET'>, ']': <TokenType.R_BRACKET: 'R_BRACKET'>, '{': <TokenType.L_BRACE: 'L_BRACE'>, '}': <TokenType.R_BRACE: 'R_BRACE'>, '&': <TokenType.AMP: 'AMP'>, '^': <TokenType.CARET: 'CARET'>, ':': <TokenType.COLON: 'COLON'>, ',': <TokenType.COMMA: 'COMMA'>, '.': <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, '-': <TokenType.DASH: 'DASH'>, '=': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '>': <TokenType.GT: 'GT'>, '<': <TokenType.LT: 'LT'>, '%': <TokenType.MOD: 'MOD'>, '!': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, '|': <TokenType.PIPE: 'PIPE'>, '+': <TokenType.PLUS: 'PLUS'>, ';': <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>, '/': <TokenType.SLASH: 'SLASH'>, '\\': <TokenType.BACKSLASH: 'BACKSLASH'>, '*': <TokenType.STAR: 'STAR'>, '~': <TokenType.TILDA: 'TILDA'>, '?': <TokenType.PLACEHOLDER: 'PLACEHOLDER'>, '@': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>, '#': <TokenType.HASH: 'HASH'>, "'": <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '`': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '"': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, '$': <TokenType.PARAMETER: 'PARAMETER'>}
VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS = {'$'}
COMMANDS = {<TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Snowflake.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     970    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     971        PARAMETER_TOKEN = "$"
     972        MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
     973        SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
     974        JOIN_HINTS = False
     975        TABLE_HINTS = False
     976        QUERY_HINTS = False
     977        AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
     978        SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
     979        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     980        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     981        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     982        INSERT_OVERWRITE = " OVERWRITE INTO"
     983        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
     984        COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
     985        COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
     986        STAR_EXCEPT = "EXCLUDE"
     987        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     988        ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
     989        SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
     990        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     991        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
     992        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "ARRAY_SIZE"
     993
     994        TRANSFORMS = {
     995            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     996            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     997            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
     998            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
     999            exp.Array: inline_array_sql,
    1000            exp.ArrayConcat: lambda self, e: self.arrayconcat_sql(e, name="ARRAY_CAT"),
    1001            exp.ArrayContains: lambda self, e: self.func("ARRAY_CONTAINS", e.expression, e.this),
    1002            exp.AtTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1003                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), e.this
    1004            ),
    1005            exp.BitwiseOr: rename_func("BITOR"),
    1006            exp.BitwiseXor: rename_func("BITXOR"),
    1007            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTLEFT"),
    1008            exp.BitwiseRightShift: rename_func("BITSHIFTRIGHT"),
    1009            exp.Create: transforms.preprocess([_flatten_structured_types_unless_iceberg]),
    1010            exp.DateAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD"),
    1011            exp.DateDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    1012            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
    1013            exp.DatetimeDiff: timestampdiff_sql,
    1014            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    1015            exp.DayOfMonth: rename_func("DAYOFMONTH"),
    1016            exp.DayOfWeek: rename_func("DAYOFWEEK"),
    1017            exp.DayOfYear: rename_func("DAYOFYEAR"),
    1018            exp.Explode: rename_func("FLATTEN"),
    1019            exp.Extract: rename_func("DATE_PART"),
    1020            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    1021            e: f"FILE_FORMAT=({self.expressions(e, 'expressions', sep=' ')})",
    1022            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1023                "CONVERT_TIMEZONE", e.args.get("zone"), "'UTC'", e.this
    1024            ),
    1025            exp.GenerateSeries: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1026                "ARRAY_GENERATE_RANGE", e.args["start"], e.args["end"] + 1, e.args.get("step")
    1027            ),
    1028            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(self, e, sep=""),
    1029            exp.If: if_sql(name="IFF", false_value="NULL"),
    1030            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
    1031            exp.JSONExtractScalar: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1032                "JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT", e.this, e.expression
    1033            ),
    1034            exp.JSONObject: lambda self, e: self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT_KEEP_NULL", *e.expressions),
    1035            exp.JSONPathRoot: lambda *_: "",
    1036            exp.JSONValueArray: _json_extract_value_array_sql,
    1037            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")(
    1038                rename_func("EDITDISTANCE")
    1039            ),
    1040            exp.LocationProperty: lambda self, e: f"LOCATION={self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    1041            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOLAND_AGG"),
    1042            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOLOR_AGG"),
    1043            exp.Map: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    1044            exp.MakeInterval: no_make_interval_sql,
    1045            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
    1046            exp.Min: min_or_least,
    1047            exp.ParseJSON: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1048                "TRY_PARSE_JSON" if e.args.get("safe") else "PARSE_JSON", e.this
    1049            ),
    1050            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
    1051            exp.PercentileCont: transforms.preprocess(
    1052                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    1053            ),
    1054            exp.PercentileDisc: transforms.preprocess(
    1055                [transforms.add_within_group_for_percentiles]
    1056            ),
    1057            exp.Pivot: transforms.preprocess([_unqualify_pivot_columns]),
    1058            exp.RegexpExtract: _regexpextract_sql,
    1059            exp.RegexpExtractAll: _regexpextract_sql,
    1060            exp.RegexpILike: _regexpilike_sql,
    1061            exp.Rand: rename_func("RANDOM"),
    1062            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    1063                [
    1064                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    1065                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(),
    1066                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    1067                    _transform_generate_date_array,
    1068                ]
    1069            ),
    1070            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    1071            exp.StarMap: rename_func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    1072            exp.StartsWith: rename_func("STARTSWITH"),
    1073            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(
    1074                self, e, func_name="CHARINDEX", supports_position=True
    1075            ),
    1076            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    1077            exp.Stuff: rename_func("INSERT"),
    1078            exp.TimeAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMEADD"),
    1079            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    1080            exp.TimestampAdd: date_delta_sql("TIMESTAMPADD"),
    1081            exp.TimestampDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1082                "TIMESTAMPDIFF", e.unit, e.expression, e.this
    1083            ),
    1084            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    1085            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    1086            exp.TimeToUnix: lambda self, e: f"EXTRACT(epoch_second FROM {self.sql(e, 'this')})",
    1087            exp.ToArray: rename_func("TO_ARRAY"),
    1088            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.function_fallback_sql(e),
    1089            exp.ToDouble: rename_func("TO_DOUBLE"),
    1090            exp.TsOrDsAdd: date_delta_sql("DATEADD", cast=True),
    1091            exp.TsOrDsDiff: date_delta_sql("DATEDIFF"),
    1092            exp.TsOrDsToDate: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1093                "TRY_TO_DATE" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_DATE", e.this, self.format_time(e)
    1094            ),
    1095            exp.TsOrDsToTime: lambda self, e: self.func(
    1096                "TRY_TO_TIME" if e.args.get("safe") else "TO_TIME", e.this, self.format_time(e)
    1097            ),
    1098            exp.Unhex: rename_func("HEX_DECODE_BINARY"),
    1099            exp.UnixToTime: rename_func("TO_TIMESTAMP"),
    1100            exp.Uuid: rename_func("UUID_STRING"),
    1101            exp.VarMap: lambda self, e: var_map_sql(self, e, "OBJECT_CONSTRUCT"),
    1102            exp.WeekOfYear: rename_func("WEEKOFYEAR"),
    1103            exp.Xor: rename_func("BOOLXOR"),
    1104        }
    1105
    1106        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    1107            exp.JSONPathKey,
    1108            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    1109            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    1110        }
    1111
    1112        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1113            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1114            exp.DataType.Type.NESTED: "OBJECT",
    1115            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "OBJECT",
    1116        }
    1117
    1118        TOKEN_MAPPING = {
    1119            TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: "AUTOINCREMENT",
    1120        }
    1121
    1122        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1123            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1124            exp.CredentialsProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
    1125            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_WITH,
    1126            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    1127            exp.SetProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1128            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1129        }
    1130
    1131        UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {
    1132            exp.Map,
    1133            exp.StarMap,
    1134            exp.Struct,
    1135            exp.VarMap,
    1136        }
    1137
    1138        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1139            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")
    1140
    1141        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1142            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1143                values_as_table = False
    1144
    1145            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)
    1146
    1147        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1148            expressions = expression.expressions
    1149            if (
    1150                expressions
    1151                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1152                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1153            ):
    1154                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1155                return "OBJECT"
    1156
    1157            return super().datatype_sql(expression)
    1158
    1159        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1160            return self.func(
    1161                "TO_NUMBER",
    1162                expression.this,
    1163                expression.args.get("format"),
    1164                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1165                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1166            )
    1167
    1168        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1169            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1170            if milli is not None:
    1171                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1172                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1173
    1174            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)
    1175
    1176        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1177            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1178                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1179            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1180                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1181
    1182            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)
    1183
    1184        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1185            value = expression.this
    1186
    1187            if value.type is None:
    1188                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1189
    1190                value = annotate_types(value, dialect=self.dialect)
    1191
    1192            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1193                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1194
    1195            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1196            return self.cast_sql(expression)
    1197
    1198        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1199            if not expression.expression:
    1200                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1201
    1202            return super().log_sql(expression)
    1203
    1204        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1205            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1206            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1207
    1208            columns = [
    1209                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1210                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1211                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1212                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1213                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1214                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1215                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1216            ]
    1217
    1218            if unnest_alias:
    1219                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1220            else:
    1221                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1222
    1223            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1224            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1225                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1226
    1227            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1228            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1229            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1230            return f"{explode}{alias}"
    1231
    1232        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1233            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1234            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1235            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1236            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1237
    1238            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1239            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1240
    1241            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1242            if scope_kind:
    1243                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1244
    1245            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1246            if starts_with:
    1247                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1248
    1249            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1250
    1251            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1252            if from_:
    1253                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1254
    1255            privileges = self.expressions(expression, key="privileges", flat=True)
    1256            privileges = f" WITH PRIVILEGES {privileges}" if privileges else ""
    1257
    1258            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}{privileges}"
    1259
    1260        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1261            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1262            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1263            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1264            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1265            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1266            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1267            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"
    1268
    1269        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1270            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1271        ) -> str:
    1272            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1273            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1274            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1275            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1276            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"
    1277
    1278        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1279            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"
    1280
    1281        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1282            keys = []
    1283            values = []
    1284
    1285            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1286                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1287                    keys.append(
    1288                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1289                    )
    1290                    values.append(e.expression)
    1291                else:
    1292                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1293                    values.append(e)
    1294
    1295            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))
    1296
    1297        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1298        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1299            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
    1300
    1301        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1302            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1303            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1304            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1305            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1306            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1307            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1308            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1309            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1310
    1311            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"
    1312
    1313        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1314            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1315            return self.func(
    1316                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1317            )
    1318
    1319        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1320            return self.sql(
    1321                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1322                    this=expression.this,
    1323                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1324                    unit=expression.unit,
    1325                )
    1326            )
    1327
    1328        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1329            this = expression.this
    1330
    1331            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1332            return self.func(
    1333                "GET_PATH",
    1334                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1335                expression.expression,
    1336            )
    1337
    1338        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1339            this = expression.this
    1340            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1341                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1342
    1343            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))
    1344
    1345        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1346            value = expression.expression
    1347            if value:
    1348                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1349            else:
    1350                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1351
    1352            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)
    1353
    1354        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1355            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1356            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1357            if offset and not limit:
    1358                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1359            return super().select_sql(expression)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

PARAMETER_TOKEN = '$'
MATCHED_BY_SOURCE = False
SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL = True
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
INSERT_OVERWRITE = ' OVERWRITE INTO'
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED = False
COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED = True
STAR_EXCEPT = 'EXCLUDE'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN = False
SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = True
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'ARRAY_SIZE'
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CredentialsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function timestampdiff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>: <function _json_extract_value_array_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>: <function no_make_interval_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function _regexpextract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function _regexpilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function Snowflake.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NESTED: 'NESTED'>: 'OBJECT', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'OBJECT'}
TOKEN_MAPPING = {<TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>: 'AUTOINCREMENT'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CredentialsProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>}
UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>}
def with_properties(self, properties: sqlglot.expressions.Properties) -> str: View Source

    1138        def with_properties(self, properties: exp.Properties) -> str:
    1139            return self.properties(properties, wrapped=False, prefix=self.sep(""), sep=" ")

def values_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str: View Source

    1141        def values_sql(self, expression: exp.Values, values_as_table: bool = True) -> str:
    1142            if expression.find(*self.UNSUPPORTED_VALUES_EXPRESSIONS):
    1143                values_as_table = False
    1144
    1145            return super().values_sql(expression, values_as_table=values_as_table)

def datatype_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DataType) -> str: View Source

    1147        def datatype_sql(self, expression: exp.DataType) -> str:
    1148            expressions = expression.expressions
    1149            if (
    1150                expressions
    1151                and expression.is_type(*exp.DataType.STRUCT_TYPES)
    1152                and any(isinstance(field_type, exp.DataType) for field_type in expressions)
    1153            ):
    1154                # The correct syntax is OBJECT [ (<key> <value_type [NOT NULL] [, ...]) ]
    1155                return "OBJECT"
    1156
    1157            return super().datatype_sql(expression)

def tonumber_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber) -> str: View Source

    1159        def tonumber_sql(self, expression: exp.ToNumber) -> str:
    1160            return self.func(
    1161                "TO_NUMBER",
    1162                expression.this,
    1163                expression.args.get("format"),
    1164                expression.args.get("precision"),
    1165                expression.args.get("scale"),
    1166            )

def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts) -> str: View Source

    1168        def timestampfromparts_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampFromParts) -> str:
    1169            milli = expression.args.get("milli")
    1170            if milli is not None:
    1171                milli_to_nano = milli.pop() * exp.Literal.number(1000000)
    1172                expression.set("nano", milli_to_nano)
    1173
    1174            return rename_func("TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS")(self, expression)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

    1176        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1177            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOGRAPHY):
    1178                return self.func("TO_GEOGRAPHY", expression.this)
    1179            if expression.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.GEOMETRY):
    1180                return self.func("TO_GEOMETRY", expression.this)
    1181
    1182            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    1184        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1185            value = expression.this
    1186
    1187            if value.type is None:
    1188                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1189
    1190                value = annotate_types(value, dialect=self.dialect)
    1191
    1192            if value.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES, exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    1193                return super().trycast_sql(expression)
    1194
    1195            # TRY_CAST only works for string values in Snowflake
    1196            return self.cast_sql(expression)

def log_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Log) -> str: View Source

    1198        def log_sql(self, expression: exp.Log) -> str:
    1199            if not expression.expression:
    1200                return self.func("LN", expression.this)
    1201
    1202            return super().log_sql(expression)

def unnest_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    1204        def unnest_sql(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1205            unnest_alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    1206            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1207
    1208            columns = [
    1209                exp.to_identifier("seq"),
    1210                exp.to_identifier("key"),
    1211                exp.to_identifier("path"),
    1212                offset.pop() if isinstance(offset, exp.Expression) else exp.to_identifier("index"),
    1213                seq_get(unnest_alias.columns if unnest_alias else [], 0)
    1214                or exp.to_identifier("value"),
    1215                exp.to_identifier("this"),
    1216            ]
    1217
    1218            if unnest_alias:
    1219                unnest_alias.set("columns", columns)
    1220            else:
    1221                unnest_alias = exp.TableAlias(this="_u", columns=columns)
    1222
    1223            table_input = self.sql(expression.expressions[0])
    1224            if not table_input.startswith("INPUT =>"):
    1225                table_input = f"INPUT => {table_input}"
    1226
    1227            explode = f"TABLE(FLATTEN({table_input}))"
    1228            alias = self.sql(unnest_alias)
    1229            alias = f" AS {alias}" if alias else ""
    1230            return f"{explode}{alias}"

def show_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Show) -> str: View Source

    1232        def show_sql(self, expression: exp.Show) -> str:
    1233            terse = "TERSE " if expression.args.get("terse") else ""
    1234            history = " HISTORY" if expression.args.get("history") else ""
    1235            like = self.sql(expression, "like")
    1236            like = f" LIKE {like}" if like else ""
    1237
    1238            scope = self.sql(expression, "scope")
    1239            scope = f" {scope}" if scope else ""
    1240
    1241            scope_kind = self.sql(expression, "scope_kind")
    1242            if scope_kind:
    1243                scope_kind = f" IN {scope_kind}"
    1244
    1245            starts_with = self.sql(expression, "starts_with")
    1246            if starts_with:
    1247                starts_with = f" STARTS WITH {starts_with}"
    1248
    1249            limit = self.sql(expression, "limit")
    1250
    1251            from_ = self.sql(expression, "from")
    1252            if from_:
    1253                from_ = f" FROM {from_}"
    1254
    1255            privileges = self.expressions(expression, key="privileges", flat=True)
    1256            privileges = f" WITH PRIVILEGES {privileges}" if privileges else ""
    1257
    1258            return f"SHOW {terse}{expression.name}{history}{like}{scope_kind}{scope}{starts_with}{limit}{from_}{privileges}"

def describe_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Describe) -> str: View Source

    1260        def describe_sql(self, expression: exp.Describe) -> str:
    1261            # Default to table if kind is unknown
    1262            kind_value = expression.args.get("kind") or "TABLE"
    1263            kind = f" {kind_value}" if kind_value else ""
    1264            this = f" {self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1265            expressions = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1266            expressions = f" {expressions}" if expressions else ""
    1267            return f"DESCRIBE{kind}{this}{expressions}"

def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint) -> str: View Source

    1269        def generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql(
    1270            self, expression: exp.GeneratedAsIdentityColumnConstraint
    1271        ) -> str:
    1272            start = expression.args.get("start")
    1273            start = f" START {start}" if start else ""
    1274            increment = expression.args.get("increment")
    1275            increment = f" INCREMENT {increment}" if increment else ""
    1276            return f"AUTOINCREMENT{start}{increment}"

def cluster_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cluster) -> str: View Source

    1278        def cluster_sql(self, expression: exp.Cluster) -> str:
    1279            return f"CLUSTER BY ({self.expressions(expression, flat=True)})"

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    1281        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    1282            keys = []
    1283            values = []
    1284
    1285            for i, e in enumerate(expression.expressions):
    1286                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    1287                    keys.append(
    1288                        exp.Literal.string(e.name) if isinstance(e.this, exp.Identifier) else e.this
    1289                    )
    1290                    values.append(e.expression)
    1291                else:
    1292                    keys.append(exp.Literal.string(f"_{i}"))
    1293                    values.append(e)
    1294
    1295            return self.func("OBJECT_CONSTRUCT", *flatten(zip(keys, values)))

@unsupported_args('weight', 'accuracy')
def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile) -> str: View Source

    1297        @unsupported_args("weight", "accuracy")
    1298        def approxquantile_sql(self, expression: exp.ApproxQuantile) -> str:
    1299            return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))

def alterset_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AlterSet) -> str: View Source

    1301        def alterset_sql(self, expression: exp.AlterSet) -> str:
    1302            exprs = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1303            exprs = f" {exprs}" if exprs else ""
    1304            file_format = self.expressions(expression, key="file_format", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1305            file_format = f" STAGE_FILE_FORMAT = ({file_format})" if file_format else ""
    1306            copy_options = self.expressions(expression, key="copy_options", flat=True, sep=" ")
    1307            copy_options = f" STAGE_COPY_OPTIONS = ({copy_options})" if copy_options else ""
    1308            tag = self.expressions(expression, key="tag", flat=True)
    1309            tag = f" TAG {tag}" if tag else ""
    1310
    1311            return f"SET{exprs}{file_format}{copy_options}{tag}"

def strtotime_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime): View Source

    1313        def strtotime_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToTime):
    1314            safe_prefix = "TRY_" if expression.args.get("safe") else ""
    1315            return self.func(
    1316                f"{safe_prefix}TO_TIMESTAMP", expression.this, self.format_time(expression)
    1317            )

def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub): View Source

    1319        def timestampsub_sql(self, expression: exp.TimestampSub):
    1320            return self.sql(
    1321                exp.TimestampAdd(
    1322                    this=expression.this,
    1323                    expression=expression.expression * -1,
    1324                    unit=expression.unit,
    1325                )
    1326            )

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract): View Source

    1328        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract):
    1329            this = expression.this
    1330
    1331            # JSON strings are valid coming from other dialects such as BQ
    1332            return self.func(
    1333                "GET_PATH",
    1334                exp.ParseJSON(this=this) if this.is_string else this,
    1335                expression.expression,
    1336            )

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    1338        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1339            this = expression.this
    1340            if not isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1341                this = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    1342
    1343            return self.func("TO_CHAR", this, self.format_time(expression))

def datesub_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.DateSub) -> str: View Source

    1345        def datesub_sql(self, expression: exp.DateSub) -> str:
    1346            value = expression.expression
    1347            if value:
    1348                value.replace(value * (-1))
    1349            else:
    1350                self.unsupported("DateSub cannot be transpiled if the subtracted count is unknown")
    1351
    1352            return date_delta_sql("DATEADD")(self, expression)

def select_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Select) -> str: View Source

    1354        def select_sql(self, expression: exp.Select) -> str:
    1355            limit = expression.args.get("limit")
    1356            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1357            if offset and not limit:
    1358                expression.limit(exp.Null(), copy=False)
    1359            return super().select_sql(expression)

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  NVL2_SUPPORTED
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  HEX_FUNC
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  ALTER_SET_TYPE
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  RESERVED_KEYWORDS
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  limitoptions_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablefromrows_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  bracket_sql
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterindex_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  safedivide_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  jsoncast_sql
  try_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  ceil_floor
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  whens_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  uniquekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodatetime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonextractquote_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql
  columns_sql
  overlay_sql
  todouble_sql
  string_sql
  median_sql
  overflowtruncatebehavior_sql
  unixseconds_sql
  arraysize_sql
  attach_sql
  detach_sql
  attachoption_sql
  featuresattime_sql
  watermarkcolumnconstraint_sql
  encodeproperty_sql
  includeproperty_sql
  xmlelement_sql
  partitionbyrangeproperty_sql
  partitionbyrangepropertydynamic_sql
  unpivotcolumns_sql
  analyzesample_sql
  analyzestatistics_sql
  analyzehistogram_sql
  analyzedelete_sql
  analyzelistchainedrows_sql
  analyzevalidate_sql
  analyze_sql
  xmltable_sql
  xmlnamespace_sql
  export_sql
  declare_sql
  declareitem_sql
  recursivewithsearch_sql
  parameterizedagg_sql
  anonymousaggfunc_sql
  combinedaggfunc_sql
  combinedparameterizedagg_sql
  put_sql