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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_timestamp_sql,
     20    regexp_extract_sql,
     21    rename_func,
     22    right_to_substring_sql,
     23    sha256_sql,
     24    strposition_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    timestamptrunc_sql,
     27    timestrtotime_sql,
     28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     29    unit_to_str,
     30    sequence_sql,
     31    build_regexp_extract,
     32    explode_to_unnest_sql,
     33)
     34from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     35from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     36from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     37from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
     38from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     39from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     40from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
     41
     42DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
     43
     44
     45def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     46    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     47    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     48
     49
     50def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     51    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     52        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     53    else:
     54        comparator = None
     55    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     56
     57
     58def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     59    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.PartitionedByProperty):
     60        columns = ", ".join(f"'{c.name}'" for c in expression.expressions)
     61        return f"ARRAY[{columns}]"
     62
     63    if expression.parent:
     64        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     65            if schema is expression:
     66                continue
     67
     68            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     69            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     70                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     71
     72    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     73
     74
     75def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     76    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     77    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     78
     79
     80def _str_to_time_sql(
     81    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     82) -> str:
     83    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     84
     85
     86def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     87    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     88    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     89        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
     90    return self.sql(
     91        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
     92    )
     93
     94
     95def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
     96    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
     97    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
     98    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
     99
    100
    101def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    102    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    103    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    104    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    105    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    106
    107
    108def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    109    if len(args) == 4:
    110        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    111            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    112            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    113            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    114            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    115        )
    116    if len(args) == 3:
    117        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    118            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    119        )
    120    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    121
    122
    123def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    124    if len(args) == 3:
    125        return exp.UnixToTime(
    126            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    127            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    128            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    129        )
    130    if len(args) == 2:
    131        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    132
    133    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    134
    135
    136def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    137    """
    138    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    139    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    140    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    141
    142    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    143    """
    144    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    145        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    146
    147    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    148
    149
    150def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    151    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    152    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    153    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    154        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    155
    156    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    157
    158
    159def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    160    if not expression.type:
    161        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    162
    163        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    164    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    165        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    166    return expression
    167
    168
    169def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    170    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    171    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    172        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    173        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    174
    175    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    176    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    177    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    178
    179
    180def _date_delta_sql(
    181    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
    182) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
    183    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
    184        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
    185        return self.func(
    186            name,
    187            unit_to_str(expression),
    188            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
    189            expression.this,
    190        )
    191
    192    return _delta_sql
    193
    194
    195def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
    196    explode = expression.this
    197    if isinstance(explode, exp.Explode):
    198        exploded_type = explode.this.type
    199        alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    200
    201        # This attempts a best-effort transpilation of LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE on a struct array
    202        if (
    203            isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
    204            and isinstance(exploded_type, exp.DataType)
    205            and exploded_type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY)
    206            and exploded_type.expressions
    207            and exploded_type.expressions[0].is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    208        ):
    209            # When unnesting a ROW in Presto, it produces N columns, so we need to fix the alias
    210            alias.set("columns", [c.this.copy() for c in exploded_type.expressions[0].expressions])
    211    elif isinstance(explode, exp.Inline):
    212        explode.replace(exp.Explode(this=explode.this.copy()))
    213
    214    return explode_to_unnest_sql(self, expression)
    215
    216
    217def _amend_exploded_column_table(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    218    # We check for expression.type because the columns can be amended only if types were inferred
    219    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select) and expression.type:
    220        for lateral in expression.args.get("laterals") or []:
    221            alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    222            if (
    223                not isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode)
    224                or not isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
    225                or len(alias.columns) != 1
    226            ):
    227                continue
    228
    229            new_table = alias.this
    230            old_table = alias.columns[0].name.lower()
    231
    232            # When transpiling a LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE Spark query, the exploded fields may be qualified
    233            # with the struct column, resulting in invalid Presto references that need to be amended
    234            for column in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Column):
    235                if column.db.lower() == old_table:
    236                    column.set("table", column.args["db"].pop())
    237                elif column.table.lower() == old_table:
    238                    column.set("table", new_table.copy())
    239                elif column.name.lower() == old_table and isinstance(column.parent, exp.Dot):
    240                    column.parent.replace(exp.column(column.parent.expression, table=new_table))
    241
    242    return expression
    243
    244
    245class Presto(Dialect):
    246    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    247    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    248    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    249    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    250    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    251    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    252    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    253    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    254    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    255
    256    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    257
    258    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    259    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    260    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    261    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    262
    263    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    264    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    265    ANNOTATORS = {
    266        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    267        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    268        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    269        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    270        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    271        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    272        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    273        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    274        if e.this
    275        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    276    }
    277
    278    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    279        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    280        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    281            (prefix + q, q)
    282            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    283            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    284        ]
    285
    286        KEYWORDS = {
    287            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    288            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    289            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    290            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    291            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    292            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    293            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    294            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    295            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    296            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    297            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    298            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    299        }
    300        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    301        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    302
    303    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    304        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    305
    306        FUNCTIONS = {
    307            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    308            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    309            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    310            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    311            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    312            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    313            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    314            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    315            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    316            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    317            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    318                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    319            ),
    320            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    321                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    322            ),
    323            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    324            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    325            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    326            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    327            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    328                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    329            ),
    330            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    331            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    332            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    333                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    334            ),
    335            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
    336                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
    337            ),
    338            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    339            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    340            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    341            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    342            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    343                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    344                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    345                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    346            ),
    347            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    348            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    349            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    350            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    351            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    352                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    353            ),
    354            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    355            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    356            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    357                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    358            ),
    359            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    360            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    361            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    362        }
    363
    364        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    365        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    366
    367    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    368        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    369        JOIN_HINTS = False
    370        TABLE_HINTS = False
    371        QUERY_HINTS = False
    372        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    373        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    374        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    375        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    376        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    377        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    378        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    379        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    380        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    381        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    382        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    383        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    384        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    385        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    386        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    387
    388        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    389            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    390            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    391            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    392        }
    393
    394        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    395            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    396            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    397            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    398            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    399            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    400            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    401            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    402            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    403            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    404            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    405            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    406            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    407            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    408        }
    409
    410        TRANSFORMS = {
    411            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    412            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    413            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    414            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    415            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    416            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    417            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    418            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    419            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    420            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    421            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    422            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    423            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    424            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    425                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    426            ),
    427            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    428            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    429            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    430                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    431            ),
    432            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    433            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    434            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    435            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    436            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    437            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    438            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    439                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    440            ),
    441            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    442            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    443            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    444            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    445            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    446            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    447            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    448            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    449            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    450            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    451            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    452            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    453            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    454            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    455            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    456            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    457            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    458            exp.If: if_sql(),
    459            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    460            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    461            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    462            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    463            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    464            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    465            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    466                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    467            ),
    468            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    469            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    470            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    471            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    472            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    473            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    474            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    475            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    476            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    477            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    478                [
    479                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    480                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    481                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
    482                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    483                    _amend_exploded_column_table,
    484                ]
    485            ),
    486            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    487            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    488            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    489            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    490            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    491            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    492            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    493            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    494            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    495            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    496            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    497            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    498            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    499                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    500            ),
    501            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    502            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    503            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    504            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    505            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    506            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    507            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    508            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    509            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    510            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    511            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    512            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    513            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    514            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    515            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    516            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    517            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    518            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    519                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    520            ),
    521            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    522            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    523            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    524            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    525        }
    526
    527        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    528            "alter",
    529            "and",
    530            "as",
    531            "between",
    532            "by",
    533            "case",
    534            "cast",
    535            "constraint",
    536            "create",
    537            "cross",
    538            "current_time",
    539            "current_timestamp",
    540            "deallocate",
    541            "delete",
    542            "describe",
    543            "distinct",
    544            "drop",
    545            "else",
    546            "end",
    547            "escape",
    548            "except",
    549            "execute",
    550            "exists",
    551            "extract",
    552            "false",
    553            "for",
    554            "from",
    555            "full",
    556            "group",
    557            "having",
    558            "in",
    559            "inner",
    560            "insert",
    561            "intersect",
    562            "into",
    563            "is",
    564            "join",
    565            "left",
    566            "like",
    567            "natural",
    568            "not",
    569            "null",
    570            "on",
    571            "or",
    572            "order",
    573            "outer",
    574            "prepare",
    575            "right",
    576            "select",
    577            "table",
    578            "then",
    579            "true",
    580            "union",
    581            "using",
    582            "values",
    583            "when",
    584            "where",
    585            "with",
    586        }
    587
    588        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    589            this = expression.this
    590            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    591
    592            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    593                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    594
    595                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    596
    597            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    598                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    599
    600            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    601
    602        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    603            this = expression.this
    604
    605            if not this.type:
    606                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    607
    608                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    609
    610            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    611                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    612
    613            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    614
    615        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    616            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    617            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    618            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    619            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    620            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    621            this = expression.this
    622            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    623            value_as_timestamp = (
    624                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    625            )
    626
    627            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    628
    629            formatted_value = self.func(
    630                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    631            )
    632            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    633                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    634                formatted_value,
    635                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    636            )
    637            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    638            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    639
    640        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    641            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    642                return self.func(
    643                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    644                    expression.this,
    645                    seq_get(
    646                        apply_index_offset(
    647                            expression.this,
    648                            expression.expressions,
    649                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    650                            dialect=self.dialect,
    651                        ),
    652                        0,
    653                    ),
    654                )
    655            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    656
    657        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    658            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    659
    660            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    661            values: t.List[str] = []
    662            schema: t.List[str] = []
    663            unknown_type = False
    664
    665            for e in expression.expressions:
    666                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    667                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    668                        unknown_type = True
    669                    else:
    670                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    671                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    672                else:
    673                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    674
    675            size = len(expression.expressions)
    676
    677            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    678                if unknown_type:
    679                    self.unsupported(
    680                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    681                    )
    682                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    683            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    684
    685        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    686            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    687                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    688            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    689
    690        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    691            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    692            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    693            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    694
    695        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    696            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    697        ) -> t.List[str]:
    698            return [
    699                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    700                self.sql(limit),
    701            ]
    702
    703        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    704            """
    705            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    706            so we need to remove them
    707            """
    708            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    709            schema = expression.this
    710            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    711                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    712            return super().create_sql(expression)
    713
    714        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    715            """
    716            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    717            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    718            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    719            """
    720            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    721            if len(tables) > 1:
    722                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    723
    724            table = tables[0]
    725            expression.set("this", table)
    726            expression.set("tables", None)
    727
    728            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    729                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    730                if table_alias:
    731                    table_alias.pop()
    732                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    733
    734            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    735
    736        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    737            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    738
    739            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    740            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    741            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    742                return self.func(
    743                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    744                )
    745
    746            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    747
    748            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    749            segments = []
    750            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    751                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    752                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    753                    self.unsupported(
    754                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    755                    )
    756                    continue
    757                key = path_key.this
    758                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    759                    key = f'"{key}"'
    760                segments.append(f".{key}")
    761
    762            expr = "".join(segments)
    763
    764            return f"{this}{expr}"
    765
    766        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    767            return self.func(
    768                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    769                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    770                expression.args.get("separator"),
    771            )

DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd, sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd, sqlglot.expressions.DateSub]
class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    246class Presto(Dialect):
    247    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    248    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    249    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    250    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    251    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    252    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    253    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    254    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    255    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    256
    257    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    258
    259    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    260    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    261    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    262    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    263
    264    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    265    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    266    ANNOTATORS = {
    267        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    268        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    269        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    270        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    271        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    272        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    273        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    274        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    275        if e.this
    276        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    277    }
    278
    279    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    280        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    281        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    282            (prefix + q, q)
    283            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    284            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    285        ]
    286
    287        KEYWORDS = {
    288            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    289            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    290            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    291            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    292            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    293            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    294            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    295            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    296            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    297            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    298            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    299            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    300        }
    301        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    302        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    303
    304    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    305        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    306
    307        FUNCTIONS = {
    308            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    309            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    310            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    311            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    312            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    313            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    314            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    315            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    316            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    317            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    318            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    319                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    320            ),
    321            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    322                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    323            ),
    324            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    325            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    326            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    327            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    328            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    329                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    330            ),
    331            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    332            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    333            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    334                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    335            ),
    336            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
    337                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
    338            ),
    339            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    340            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    341            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    342            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    343            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    344                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    345                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    346                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    347            ),
    348            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    349            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    350            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    351            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    352            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    353                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    354            ),
    355            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    356            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    357            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    358                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    359            ),
    360            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    361            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    362            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    363        }
    364
    365        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    366        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    367
    368    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    369        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    370        JOIN_HINTS = False
    371        TABLE_HINTS = False
    372        QUERY_HINTS = False
    373        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    374        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    375        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    376        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    377        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    378        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    379        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    380        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    381        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    382        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    383        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    384        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    385        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    386        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    387        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    388
    389        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    390            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    391            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    392            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    393        }
    394
    395        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    396            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    397            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    398            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    399            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    400            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    401            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    402            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    403            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    404            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    405            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    406            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    407            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    408            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    409        }
    410
    411        TRANSFORMS = {
    412            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    413            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    414            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    415            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    416            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    417            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    418            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    419            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    420            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    421            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    422            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    423            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    424            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    425            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    426                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    427            ),
    428            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    429            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    430            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    431                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    432            ),
    433            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    434            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    435            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    436            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    437            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    438            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    439            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    440                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    441            ),
    442            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    443            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    444            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    445            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    446            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    447            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    448            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    449            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    450            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    451            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    452            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    453            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    454            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    455            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    456            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    457            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    458            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    459            exp.If: if_sql(),
    460            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    461            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    462            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    463            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    464            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    465            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    466            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    467                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    468            ),
    469            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    470            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    471            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    472            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    473            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    474            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    475            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    476            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    477            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    478            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    479                [
    480                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    481                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    482                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
    483                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    484                    _amend_exploded_column_table,
    485                ]
    486            ),
    487            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    488            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    489            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    490            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    491            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    492            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    493            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    494            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    495            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    496            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    497            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    498            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    499            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    500                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    501            ),
    502            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    503            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    504            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    505            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    506            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    507            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    508            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    509            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    510            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    511            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    512            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    513            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    514            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    515            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    516            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    517            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    518            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    519            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    520                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    521            ),
    522            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    523            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    524            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    525            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    526        }
    527
    528        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    529            "alter",
    530            "and",
    531            "as",
    532            "between",
    533            "by",
    534            "case",
    535            "cast",
    536            "constraint",
    537            "create",
    538            "cross",
    539            "current_time",
    540            "current_timestamp",
    541            "deallocate",
    542            "delete",
    543            "describe",
    544            "distinct",
    545            "drop",
    546            "else",
    547            "end",
    548            "escape",
    549            "except",
    550            "execute",
    551            "exists",
    552            "extract",
    553            "false",
    554            "for",
    555            "from",
    556            "full",
    557            "group",
    558            "having",
    559            "in",
    560            "inner",
    561            "insert",
    562            "intersect",
    563            "into",
    564            "is",
    565            "join",
    566            "left",
    567            "like",
    568            "natural",
    569            "not",
    570            "null",
    571            "on",
    572            "or",
    573            "order",
    574            "outer",
    575            "prepare",
    576            "right",
    577            "select",
    578            "table",
    579            "then",
    580            "true",
    581            "union",
    582            "using",
    583            "values",
    584            "when",
    585            "where",
    586            "with",
    587        }
    588
    589        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    590            this = expression.this
    591            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    592
    593            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    594                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    595
    596                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    597
    598            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    599                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    600
    601            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    602
    603        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    604            this = expression.this
    605
    606            if not this.type:
    607                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    608
    609                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    610
    611            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    612                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    613
    614            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    615
    616        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    617            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    618            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    619            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    620            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    621            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    622            this = expression.this
    623            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    624            value_as_timestamp = (
    625                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    626            )
    627
    628            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    629
    630            formatted_value = self.func(
    631                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    632            )
    633            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    634                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    635                formatted_value,
    636                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    637            )
    638            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    639            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    640
    641        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    642            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    643                return self.func(
    644                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    645                    expression.this,
    646                    seq_get(
    647                        apply_index_offset(
    648                            expression.this,
    649                            expression.expressions,
    650                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    651                            dialect=self.dialect,
    652                        ),
    653                        0,
    654                    ),
    655                )
    656            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    657
    658        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    659            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    660
    661            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    662            values: t.List[str] = []
    663            schema: t.List[str] = []
    664            unknown_type = False
    665
    666            for e in expression.expressions:
    667                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    668                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    669                        unknown_type = True
    670                    else:
    671                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    672                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    673                else:
    674                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    675
    676            size = len(expression.expressions)
    677
    678            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    679                if unknown_type:
    680                    self.unsupported(
    681                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    682                    )
    683                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    684            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    685
    686        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    687            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    688                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    689            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    690
    691        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    692            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    693            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    694            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    695
    696        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    697            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    698        ) -> t.List[str]:
    699            return [
    700                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    701                self.sql(limit),
    702            ]
    703
    704        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    705            """
    706            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    707            so we need to remove them
    708            """
    709            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    710            schema = expression.this
    711            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    712                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    713            return super().create_sql(expression)
    714
    715        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    716            """
    717            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    718            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    719            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    720            """
    721            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    722            if len(tables) > 1:
    723                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    724
    725            table = tables[0]
    726            expression.set("this", table)
    727            expression.set("tables", None)
    728
    729            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    730                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    731                if table_alias:
    732                    table_alias.pop()
    733                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    734
    735            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    736
    737        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    738            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    739
    740            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    741            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    742            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    743                return self.func(
    744                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    745                )
    746
    747            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    748
    749            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    750            segments = []
    751            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    752                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    753                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    754                    self.unsupported(
    755                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    756                    )
    757                    continue
    758                key = path_key.this
    759                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    760                    key = f'"{key}"'
    761                segments.append(f".{key}")
    762
    763            expr = "".join(segments)
    764
    765            return f"{this}{expr}"
    766
    767        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    768            return self.func(
    769                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    770                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    771                expression.args.get("separator"),
    772            )

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    279    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    280        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    281        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    282            (prefix + q, q)
    283            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    284            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    285        ]
    286
    287        KEYWORDS = {
    288            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    289            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    290            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    291            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    292            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    293            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    294            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    295            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    296            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    297            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    298            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    299            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    300        }
    301        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    302        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    304    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    305        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    306
    307        FUNCTIONS = {
    308            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    309            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    310            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    311            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    312            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    313            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    314            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    315            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    316            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    317            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    318            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    319                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    320            ),
    321            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    322                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    323            ),
    324            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    325            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    326            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    327            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    328            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    329                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    330            ),
    331            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    332            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    333            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    334                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    335            ),
    336            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
    337                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
    338            ),
    339            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    340            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    341            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    342            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    343            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    344                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    345                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    346                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    347            ),
    348            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    349            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    350            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    351            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    352            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    353                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    354            ),
    355            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    356            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    357            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    358                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    359            ),
    360            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    361            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    362            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    363        }
    364
    365        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    366        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
  MODIFIABLES
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  parse_set_operation
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    368    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    369        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    370        JOIN_HINTS = False
    371        TABLE_HINTS = False
    372        QUERY_HINTS = False
    373        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    374        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    375        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    376        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    377        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    378        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    379        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    380        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    381        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    382        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    383        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    384        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    385        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    386        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    387        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    388
    389        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    390            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    391            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    392            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    393        }
    394
    395        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    396            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    397            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    398            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    399            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    400            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    401            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    402            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    403            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    404            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    405            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    406            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    407            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    408            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    409        }
    410
    411        TRANSFORMS = {
    412            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    413            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    414            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    415            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    416            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    417            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    418            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    419            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    420            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    421            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    422            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    423            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    424            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    425            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    426                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    427            ),
    428            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    429            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    430            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    431                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    432            ),
    433            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    434            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    435            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    436            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    437            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    438            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    439            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    440                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    441            ),
    442            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    443            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    444            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    445            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    446            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    447            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    448            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    449            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    450            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    451            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    452            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self, e: f"FORMAT='{e.name.upper()}'",
    453            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    454            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    455            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    456            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    457            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    458            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    459            exp.If: if_sql(),
    460            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    461            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    462            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    463            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    464            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    465            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    466            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    467                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    468            ),
    469            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    470            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    471            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    472            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    473            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    474            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    475            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    476            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    477            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    478            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    479                [
    480                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    481                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    482                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
    483                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    484                    _amend_exploded_column_table,
    485                ]
    486            ),
    487            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    488            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    489            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    490            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    491            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    492            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    493            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    494            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    495            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    496            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    497            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    498            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    499            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    500                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    501            ),
    502            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    503            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    504            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    505            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    506            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    507            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    508            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    509            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    510            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    511            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    512            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    513            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    514            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    515            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    516            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    517            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    518            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    519            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    520                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    521            ),
    522            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    523            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    524            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    525            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    526        }
    527
    528        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    529            "alter",
    530            "and",
    531            "as",
    532            "between",
    533            "by",
    534            "case",
    535            "cast",
    536            "constraint",
    537            "create",
    538            "cross",
    539            "current_time",
    540            "current_timestamp",
    541            "deallocate",
    542            "delete",
    543            "describe",
    544            "distinct",
    545            "drop",
    546            "else",
    547            "end",
    548            "escape",
    549            "except",
    550            "execute",
    551            "exists",
    552            "extract",
    553            "false",
    554            "for",
    555            "from",
    556            "full",
    557            "group",
    558            "having",
    559            "in",
    560            "inner",
    561            "insert",
    562            "intersect",
    563            "into",
    564            "is",
    565            "join",
    566            "left",
    567            "like",
    568            "natural",
    569            "not",
    570            "null",
    571            "on",
    572            "or",
    573            "order",
    574            "outer",
    575            "prepare",
    576            "right",
    577            "select",
    578            "table",
    579            "then",
    580            "true",
    581            "union",
    582            "using",
    583            "values",
    584            "when",
    585            "where",
    586            "with",
    587        }
    588
    589        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    590            this = expression.this
    591            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    592
    593            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    594                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    595
    596                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    597
    598            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    599                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    600
    601            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    602
    603        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    604            this = expression.this
    605
    606            if not this.type:
    607                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    608
    609                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    610
    611            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    612                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    613
    614            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    615
    616        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    617            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    618            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    619            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    620            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    621            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    622            this = expression.this
    623            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    624            value_as_timestamp = (
    625                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    626            )
    627
    628            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    629
    630            formatted_value = self.func(
    631                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    632            )
    633            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    634                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    635                formatted_value,
    636                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    637            )
    638            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    639            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    640
    641        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    642            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    643                return self.func(
    644                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    645                    expression.this,
    646                    seq_get(
    647                        apply_index_offset(
    648                            expression.this,
    649                            expression.expressions,
    650                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    651                            dialect=self.dialect,
    652                        ),
    653                        0,
    654                    ),
    655                )
    656            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    657
    658        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    659            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    660
    661            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    662            values: t.List[str] = []
    663            schema: t.List[str] = []
    664            unknown_type = False
    665
    666            for e in expression.expressions:
    667                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    668                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    669                        unknown_type = True
    670                    else:
    671                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    672                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    673                else:
    674                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    675
    676            size = len(expression.expressions)
    677
    678            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    679                if unknown_type:
    680                    self.unsupported(
    681                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    682                    )
    683                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    684            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    685
    686        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    687            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    688                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    689            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    690
    691        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    692            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    693            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    694            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    695
    696        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    697            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    698        ) -> t.List[str]:
    699            return [
    700                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    701                self.sql(limit),
    702            ]
    703
    704        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    705            """
    706            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    707            so we need to remove them
    708            """
    709            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    710            schema = expression.this
    711            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    712                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    713            return super().create_sql(expression)
    714
    715        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    716            """
    717            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    718            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    719            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    720            """
    721            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    722            if len(tables) > 1:
    723                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    724
    725            table = tables[0]
    726            expression.set("this", table)
    727            expression.set("tables", None)
    728
    729            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    730                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    731                if table_alias:
    732                    table_alias.pop()
    733                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    734
    735            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    736
    737        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    738            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    739
    740            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    741            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    742            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    743                return self.func(
    744                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    745                )
    746
    747            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    748
    749            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    750            segments = []
    751            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    752                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    753                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    754                    self.unsupported(
    755                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    756                    )
    757                    continue
    758                key = path_key.this
    759                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    760                    key = f'"{key}"'
    761                segments.append(f".{key}")
    762
    763            expr = "".join(segments)
    764
    765            return f"{this}{expr}"
    766
    767        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    768            return self.func(
    769                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    770                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    771                expression.args.get("separator"),
    772            )

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'CARDINALITY'
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CredentialsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'else', 'from', 'end', 'natural', 'between', 'cast', 'using', 'intersect', 'deallocate', 'distinct', 'extract', 'order', 'union', 'values', 'except', 'escape', 'by', 'outer', 'having', 'is', 'like', 'true', 'when', 'as', 'table', 'describe', 'delete', 'alter', 'null', 'then', 'drop', 'left', 'right', 'into', 'in', 'with', 'group', 'case', 'and', 'where', 'not', 'prepare', 'cross', 'exists', 'insert', 'false', 'execute', 'current_time', 'select', 'join', 'inner', 'create', 'for', 'on', 'or', 'constraint', 'current_timestamp', 'full'}
def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat) -> str: View Source

    589        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    590            this = expression.this
    591            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    592
    593            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    594                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    595
    596                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    597
    598            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    599                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    600
    601            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)

def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    603        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    604            this = expression.this
    605
    606            if not this.type:
    607                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    608
    609                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    610
    611            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    612                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    613
    614            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    616        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    617            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    618            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    619            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    620            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    621            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    622            this = expression.this
    623            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    624            value_as_timestamp = (
    625                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    626            )
    627
    628            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    629
    630            formatted_value = self.func(
    631                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    632            )
    633            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    634                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    635                formatted_value,
    636                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    637            )
    638            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    639            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    641        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    642            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    643                return self.func(
    644                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    645                    expression.this,
    646                    seq_get(
    647                        apply_index_offset(
    648                            expression.this,
    649                            expression.expressions,
    650                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    651                            dialect=self.dialect,
    652                        ),
    653                        0,
    654                    ),
    655                )
    656            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    658        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    659            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    660
    661            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    662            values: t.List[str] = []
    663            schema: t.List[str] = []
    664            unknown_type = False
    665
    666            for e in expression.expressions:
    667                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    668                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    669                        unknown_type = True
    670                    else:
    671                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    672                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    673                else:
    674                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    675
    676            size = len(expression.expressions)
    677
    678            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    679                if unknown_type:
    680                    self.unsupported(
    681                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    682                    )
    683                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    684            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    686        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    687            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    688                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    689            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    691        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    692            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    693            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    694            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    696        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    697            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    698        ) -> t.List[str]:
    699            return [
    700                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    701                self.sql(limit),
    702            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    704        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    705            """
    706            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    707            so we need to remove them
    708            """
    709            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    710            schema = expression.this
    711            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    712                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    713            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    715        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    716            """
    717            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    718            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    719            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    720            """
    721            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    722            if len(tables) > 1:
    723                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    724
    725            table = tables[0]
    726            expression.set("this", table)
    727            expression.set("tables", None)
    728
    729            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    730                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    731                if table_alias:
    732                    table_alias.pop()
    733                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    734
    735            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract) -> str: View Source

    737        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    738            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    739
    740            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    741            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    742            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    743                return self.func(
    744                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    745                )
    746
    747            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    748
    749            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    750            segments = []
    751            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    752                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    753                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    754                    self.unsupported(
    755                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    756                    )
    757                    continue
    758                key = path_key.this
    759                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    760                    key = f'"{key}"'
    761                segments.append(f".{key}")
    762
    763            expr = "".join(segments)
    764
    765            return f"{this}{expr}"

def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat) -> str: View Source

    767        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    768            return self.func(
    769                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    770                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    771                expression.args.get("separator"),
    772            )

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  ALTER_SET_TYPE
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  limitoptions_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablefromrows_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterindex_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  safedivide_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mod_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  trycast_sql
  jsoncast_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  ceil_floor
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  whens_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  uniquekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodatetime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonextractquote_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql
  columns_sql
  overlay_sql
  todouble_sql
  string_sql
  median_sql
  overflowtruncatebehavior_sql
  unixseconds_sql
  arraysize_sql
  attach_sql
  detach_sql
  attachoption_sql
  featuresattime_sql
  watermarkcolumnconstraint_sql
  encodeproperty_sql
  includeproperty_sql
  xmlelement_sql
  partitionbyrangeproperty_sql
  partitionbyrangepropertydynamic_sql
  unpivotcolumns_sql
  analyzesample_sql
  analyzestatistics_sql
  analyzehistogram_sql
  analyzedelete_sql
  analyzelistchainedrows_sql
  analyzevalidate_sql
  analyze_sql
  xmltable_sql
  xmlnamespace_sql
  export_sql
  declare_sql
  declareitem_sql
  recursivewithsearch_sql
  parameterizedagg_sql
  anonymousaggfunc_sql
  combinedaggfunc_sql
  combinedparameterizedagg_sql
  show_sql
  put_sql