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# sqlglot.dialects.bigquery

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       1from __future__ import annotations
       2
       3import logging
       4import re
       5import typing as t
       6
       7from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
       8from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
       9    Dialect,
      10    NormalizationStrategy,
      11    annotate_with_type_lambda,
      12    arg_max_or_min_no_count,
      13    binary_from_function,
      14    date_add_interval_sql,
      15    datestrtodate_sql,
      16    build_formatted_time,
      17    filter_array_using_unnest,
      18    if_sql,
      19    inline_array_unless_query,
      20    max_or_greatest,
      21    min_or_least,
      22    no_ilike_sql,
      23    build_date_delta_with_interval,
      24    regexp_replace_sql,
      25    rename_func,
      26    sha256_sql,
      27    timestrtotime_sql,
      28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
      29    unit_to_var,
      30    strposition_sql,
      31    groupconcat_sql,
      32)
      33from sqlglot.helper import seq_get, split_num_words
      34from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
      35from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
      36
      37if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
      38    from sqlglot._typing import E, Lit
      39
      40    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import TypeAnnotator
      41
      42logger = logging.getLogger("sqlglot")
      43
      44
      45JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE = t.Union[exp.JSONExtract, exp.JSONExtractScalar, exp.JSONExtractArray]
      46
      47DQUOTES_ESCAPING_JSON_FUNCTIONS = ("JSON_QUERY", "JSON_VALUE", "JSON_QUERY_ARRAY")
      48
      49
      50def _derived_table_values_to_unnest(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Values) -> str:
      51    if not expression.find_ancestor(exp.From, exp.Join):
      52        return self.values_sql(expression)
      53
      54    structs = []
      55    alias = expression.args.get("alias")
      56    for tup in expression.find_all(exp.Tuple):
      57        field_aliases = (
      58            alias.columns
      59            if alias and alias.columns
      60            else (f"_c{i}" for i in range(len(tup.expressions)))
      61        )
      62        expressions = [
      63            exp.PropertyEQ(this=exp.to_identifier(name), expression=fld)
      64            for name, fld in zip(field_aliases, tup.expressions)
      65        ]
      66        structs.append(exp.Struct(expressions=expressions))
      67
      68    # Due to `UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY`, it is expected that the table alias be contained in the columns expression
      69    alias_name_only = exp.TableAlias(columns=[alias.this]) if alias else None
      70    return self.unnest_sql(
      71        exp.Unnest(expressions=[exp.array(*structs, copy=False)], alias=alias_name_only)
      72    )
      73
      74
      75def _returnsproperty_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ReturnsProperty) -> str:
      76    this = expression.this
      77    if isinstance(this, exp.Schema):
      78        this = f"{self.sql(this, 'this')} <{self.expressions(this)}>"
      79    else:
      80        this = self.sql(this)
      81    return f"RETURNS {this}"
      82
      83
      84def _create_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
      85    returns = expression.find(exp.ReturnsProperty)
      86    if expression.kind == "FUNCTION" and returns and returns.args.get("is_table"):
      87        expression.set("kind", "TABLE FUNCTION")
      88
      89        if isinstance(expression.expression, (exp.Subquery, exp.Literal)):
      90            expression.set("expression", expression.expression.this)
      91
      92    return self.create_sql(expression)
      93
      94
      95# https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/162294746
      96# workaround for bigquery bug when grouping by an expression and then ordering
      97# WITH x AS (SELECT 1 y)
      98# SELECT y + 1 z
      99# FROM x
     100# GROUP BY x + 1
     101# ORDER by z
     102def _alias_ordered_group(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     103    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select):
     104        group = expression.args.get("group")
     105        order = expression.args.get("order")
     106
     107        if group and order:
     108            aliases = {
     109                select.this: select.args["alias"]
     110                for select in expression.selects
     111                if isinstance(select, exp.Alias)
     112            }
     113
     114            for grouped in group.expressions:
     115                if grouped.is_int:
     116                    continue
     117                alias = aliases.get(grouped)
     118                if alias:
     119                    grouped.replace(exp.column(alias))
     120
     121    return expression
     122
     123
     124def _pushdown_cte_column_names(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
     125    """BigQuery doesn't allow column names when defining a CTE, so we try to push them down."""
     126    if isinstance(expression, exp.CTE) and expression.alias_column_names:
     127        cte_query = expression.this
     128
     129        if cte_query.is_star:
     130            logger.warning(
     131                "Can't push down CTE column names for star queries. Run the query through"
     132                " the optimizer or use 'qualify' to expand the star projections first."
     133            )
     134            return expression
     135
     136        column_names = expression.alias_column_names
     137        expression.args["alias"].set("columns", None)
     138
     139        for name, select in zip(column_names, cte_query.selects):
     140            to_replace = select
     141
     142            if isinstance(select, exp.Alias):
     143                select = select.this
     144
     145            # Inner aliases are shadowed by the CTE column names
     146            to_replace.replace(exp.alias_(select, name))
     147
     148    return expression
     149
     150
     151def _build_parse_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.StrToTime:
     152    this = build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "bigquery")([seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)])
     153    this.set("zone", seq_get(args, 2))
     154    return this
     155
     156
     157def _build_timestamp(args: t.List) -> exp.Timestamp:
     158    timestamp = exp.Timestamp.from_arg_list(args)
     159    timestamp.set("with_tz", True)
     160    return timestamp
     161
     162
     163def _build_date(args: t.List) -> exp.Date | exp.DateFromParts:
     164    expr_type = exp.DateFromParts if len(args) == 3 else exp.Date
     165    return expr_type.from_arg_list(args)
     166
     167
     168def _build_to_hex(args: t.List) -> exp.Hex | exp.MD5:
     169    # TO_HEX(MD5(..)) is common in BigQuery, so it's parsed into MD5 to simplify its transpilation
     170    arg = seq_get(args, 0)
     171    return exp.MD5(this=arg.this) if isinstance(arg, exp.MD5Digest) else exp.LowerHex(this=arg)
     172
     173
     174def _array_contains_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.ArrayContains) -> str:
     175    return self.sql(
     176        exp.Exists(
     177            this=exp.select("1")
     178            .from_(exp.Unnest(expressions=[expression.left]).as_("_unnest", table=["_col"]))
     179            .where(exp.column("_col").eq(expression.right))
     180        )
     181    )
     182
     183
     184def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
     185    return date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD")(self, ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression))
     186
     187
     188def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
     189    expression.this.replace(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
     190    expression.expression.replace(exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP))
     191    unit = unit_to_var(expression)
     192    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", expression.this, expression.expression, unit)
     193
     194
     195def _unix_to_time_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
     196    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
     197    timestamp = expression.this
     198
     199    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
     200        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", timestamp)
     201    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS:
     202        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MILLIS", timestamp)
     203    if scale == exp.UnixToTime.MICROS:
     204        return self.func("TIMESTAMP_MICROS", timestamp)
     205
     206    unix_seconds = exp.cast(
     207        exp.Div(this=timestamp, expression=exp.func("POW", 10, scale)), exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT
     208    )
     209    return self.func("TIMESTAMP_SECONDS", unix_seconds)
     210
     211
     212def _build_time(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
     213    if len(args) == 1:
     214        return exp.TsOrDsToTime(this=args[0])
     215    if len(args) == 2:
     216        return exp.Time.from_arg_list(args)
     217    return exp.TimeFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
     218
     219
     220def _build_datetime(args: t.List) -> exp.Func:
     221    if len(args) == 1:
     222        return exp.TsOrDsToDatetime.from_arg_list(args)
     223    if len(args) == 2:
     224        return exp.Datetime.from_arg_list(args)
     225    return exp.TimestampFromParts.from_arg_list(args)
     226
     227
     228def _build_regexp_extract(
     229    expr_type: t.Type[E], default_group: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     230) -> t.Callable[[t.List], E]:
     231    def _builder(args: t.List) -> E:
     232        try:
     233            group = re.compile(args[1].name).groups == 1
     234        except re.error:
     235            group = False
     236
     237        # Default group is used for the transpilation of REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL
     238        return expr_type(
     239            this=seq_get(args, 0),
     240            expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     241            position=seq_get(args, 2),
     242            occurrence=seq_get(args, 3),
     243            group=exp.Literal.number(1) if group else default_group,
     244        )
     245
     246    return _builder
     247
     248
     249def _build_extract_json_with_default_path(expr_type: t.Type[E]) -> t.Callable[[t.List, Dialect], E]:
     250    def _builder(args: t.List, dialect: Dialect) -> E:
     251        if len(args) == 1:
     252            # The default value for the JSONPath is '$' i.e all of the data
     253            args.append(exp.Literal.string("$"))
     254        return parser.build_extract_json_with_path(expr_type)(args, dialect)
     255
     256    return _builder
     257
     258
     259def _str_to_datetime_sql(
     260    self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime
     261) -> str:
     262    this = self.sql(expression, "this")
     263    dtype = "DATE" if isinstance(expression, exp.StrToDate) else "TIMESTAMP"
     264
     265    if expression.args.get("safe"):
     266        fmt = self.format_time(
     267            expression,
     268            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING,
     269            self.dialect.INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE,
     270        )
     271        return f"SAFE_CAST({this} AS {dtype} FORMAT {fmt})"
     272
     273    fmt = self.format_time(expression)
     274    return self.func(f"PARSE_{dtype}", fmt, this, expression.args.get("zone"))
     275
     276
     277def _annotate_math_functions(self: TypeAnnotator, expression: E) -> E:
     278    """
     279    Many BigQuery math functions such as CEIL, FLOOR etc follow this return type convention:
     280    +---------+---------+---------+------------+---------+
     281    |  INPUT  | INT64   | NUMERIC | BIGNUMERIC | FLOAT64 |
     282    +---------+---------+---------+------------+---------+
     283    |  OUTPUT | FLOAT64 | NUMERIC | BIGNUMERIC | FLOAT64 |
     284    +---------+---------+---------+------------+---------+
     285    """
     286    self._annotate_args(expression)
     287
     288    this: exp.Expression = expression.this
     289
     290    self._set_type(
     291        expression,
     292        exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES) else this.type,
     293    )
     294    return expression
     295
     296
     297@unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost")
     298def _levenshtein_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: exp.Levenshtein) -> str:
     299    max_dist = expression.args.get("max_dist")
     300    if max_dist:
     301        max_dist = exp.Kwarg(this=exp.var("max_distance"), expression=max_dist)
     302
     303    return self.func("EDIT_DISTANCE", expression.this, expression.expression, max_dist)
     304
     305
     306def _build_levenshtein(args: t.List) -> exp.Levenshtein:
     307    max_dist = seq_get(args, 2)
     308    return exp.Levenshtein(
     309        this=seq_get(args, 0),
     310        expression=seq_get(args, 1),
     311        max_dist=max_dist.expression if max_dist else None,
     312    )
     313
     314
     315def _build_format_time(expr_type: t.Type[exp.Expression]) -> t.Callable[[t.List], exp.TimeToStr]:
     316    def _builder(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
     317        return exp.TimeToStr(
     318            this=expr_type(this=seq_get(args, 1)),
     319            format=seq_get(args, 0),
     320            zone=seq_get(args, 2),
     321        )
     322
     323    return _builder
     324
     325
     326def _build_contains_substring(args: t.List) -> exp.Contains | exp.Anonymous:
     327    if len(args) == 3:
     328        return exp.Anonymous(this="CONTAINS_SUBSTR", expressions=args)
     329
     330    # Lowercase the operands in case of transpilation, as exp.Contains
     331    # is case-sensitive on other dialects
     332    this = exp.Lower(this=seq_get(args, 0))
     333    expr = exp.Lower(this=seq_get(args, 1))
     334
     335    return exp.Contains(this=this, expression=expr)
     336
     337
     338def _json_extract_sql(self: BigQuery.Generator, expression: JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE) -> str:
     339    name = (expression._meta and expression.meta.get("name")) or expression.sql_name()
     340    upper = name.upper()
     341
     342    dquote_escaping = upper in DQUOTES_ESCAPING_JSON_FUNCTIONS
     343
     344    if dquote_escaping:
     345        self._quote_json_path_key_using_brackets = False
     346
     347    sql = rename_func(upper)(self, expression)
     348
     349    if dquote_escaping:
     350        self._quote_json_path_key_using_brackets = True
     351
     352    return sql
     353
     354
     355class BigQuery(Dialect):
     356    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
     357    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
     358    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     359    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     360    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
     361    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
     362    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
     363    PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True
     364    HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE = True
     365
     366    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
     367    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
     368
     369    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
     370    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
     371
     372    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
     373    TIME_MAPPING = {
     374        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
     375        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
     376        "%e": "%-d",
     377    }
     378
     379    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
     380        "DD": "%d",
     381        "MM": "%m",
     382        "MON": "%b",
     383        "MONTH": "%B",
     384        "YYYY": "%Y",
     385        "YY": "%y",
     386        "HH": "%I",
     387        "HH12": "%I",
     388        "HH24": "%H",
     389        "MI": "%M",
     390        "SS": "%S",
     391        "SSSSS": "%f",
     392        "TZH": "%z",
     393    }
     394
     395    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
     396    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
     397    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
     398
     399    # All set operations require either a DISTINCT or ALL specifier
     400    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT = dict.fromkeys((exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Union), None)
     401
     402    # BigQuery maps Type.TIMESTAMP to DATETIME, so we need to amend the inferred types
     403    TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS = {
     404        **Dialect.TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS,
     405        exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: Dialect.TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS[exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP],
     406    }
     407    TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS.pop(exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
     408
     409    ANNOTATORS = {
     410        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
     411        **{
     412            expr_type: annotate_with_type_lambda(data_type)
     413            for data_type, expressions in TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS.items()
     414            for expr_type in expressions
     415        },
     416        **{
     417            expr_type: lambda self, e: _annotate_math_functions(self, e)
     418            for expr_type in (exp.Floor, exp.Ceil, exp.Log, exp.Ln, exp.Sqrt, exp.Exp, exp.Round)
     419        },
     420        **{
     421            expr_type: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
     422            for expr_type in (
     423                exp.Left,
     424                exp.Right,
     425                exp.Lower,
     426                exp.Upper,
     427                exp.Pad,
     428                exp.Trim,
     429                exp.RegexpExtract,
     430                exp.RegexpReplace,
     431                exp.Repeat,
     432                exp.Substring,
     433            )
     434        },
     435        exp.Concat: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "expressions"),
     436        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
     437        exp.Split: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", array=True),
     438    }
     439
     440    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
     441        if (
     442            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     443            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
     444        ):
     445            parent = expression.parent
     446            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
     447                parent = parent.parent
     448
     449            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
     450            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
     451            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
     452            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
     453            case_sensitive = (
     454                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
     455                or (
     456                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
     457                    and parent.db
     458                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
     459                )
     460                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
     461            )
     462            if not case_sensitive:
     463                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
     464
     465        return expression
     466
     467    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     468        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
     469        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
     470        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
     471        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
     472
     473        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
     474
     475        BYTE_STRINGS = [
     476            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
     477        ]
     478
     479        RAW_STRINGS = [
     480            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
     481        ]
     482
     483        KEYWORDS = {
     484            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     485            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
     486            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
     487            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
     488            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     489            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
     490            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
     491            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
     492            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     493            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
     494            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
     495            "EXPORT": TokenType.EXPORT,
     496            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     497            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
     498            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
     499            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
     500            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
     501            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     502        }
     503        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
     504        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
     505        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     506
     507    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     508        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
     509        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
     510        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
     511
     512        FUNCTIONS = {
     513            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     514            "CONTAINS_SUBSTR": _build_contains_substring,
     515            "DATE": _build_date,
     516            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
     517            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
     518            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
     519                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
     520                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     521                zone=seq_get(args, 2),
     522            ),
     523            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
     524            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
     525            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
     526            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
     527            "EDIT_DISTANCE": _build_levenshtein,
     528            "FORMAT_DATE": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate),
     529            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
     530            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
     531            "JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
     532            "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract),
     533            "JSON_QUERY_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
     534            "JSON_VALUE": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
     535            "JSON_VALUE_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONValueArray),
     536            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     537            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
     538            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
     539            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
     540                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
     541            ),
     542            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
     543            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     544            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     545            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     546            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(
     547                exp.RegexpExtractAll, default_group=exp.Literal.number(0)
     548            ),
     549            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
     550            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
     551            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
     552                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
     553                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     554                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
     555            ),
     556            "STRPOS": exp.StrPosition.from_arg_list,
     557            "TIME": _build_time,
     558            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
     559            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
     560            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
     561            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
     562            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
     563            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     564                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     565            ),
     566            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     567                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     568            ),
     569            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
     570            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
     571            "FORMAT_DATETIME": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDatetime),
     572            "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp),
     573        }
     574
     575        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     576            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     577            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
     578            "MAKE_INTERVAL": lambda self: self._parse_make_interval(),
     579            "FEATURES_AT_TIME": lambda self: self._parse_features_at_time(),
     580        }
     581        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     582
     583        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
     584            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
     585            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
     586        }
     587
     588        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
     589            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
     590            TokenType.TABLE,
     591        }
     592
     593        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     594            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     595            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
     596                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
     597            ),
     598            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
     599        }
     600
     601        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     602            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     603            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
     604        }
     605
     606        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
     607        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
     608
     609        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
     610
     611        DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS = {TokenType.DOT, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN}
     612
     613        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     614            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     615            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     616            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     617            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
     618            TokenType.EXPORT: lambda self: self._parse_export_data(),
     619        }
     620
     621        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
     622            "OFFSET": (0, False),
     623            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
     624            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
     625            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
     626        }
     627
     628        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
     629            this = self._parse_range()
     630            self._match_text_seq("DO")
     631            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
     632
     633        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     634            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
     635
     636            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
     637            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
     638                table_name = this.name
     639                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
     640                    start = self._curr
     641                    while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     642                        self.DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS, advance=False
     643                    ):
     644                        self._advance()
     645
     646                    table_name += self._find_sql(start, self._prev)
     647
     648                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
     649            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
     650                table_name = this.name
     651
     652                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
     653                    table_name += self._prev.text
     654
     655                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
     656
     657            return this
     658
     659        def _parse_table_parts(
     660            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     661        ) -> exp.Table:
     662            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
     663                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
     664            )
     665
     666            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
     667            if not table.catalog:
     668                if table.db:
     669                    parts = table.db.split(".")
     670                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
     671                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     672                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     673                else:
     674                    parts = table.name.split(".")
     675                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
     676                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     677                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     678
     679            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
     680                alias = table.this
     681                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
     682                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     683                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
     684                )
     685
     686                if rest and this:
     687                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     688
     689                table = exp.Table(
     690                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
     691                )
     692                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
     693            else:
     694                alias = None
     695
     696            # The `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` views in BigQuery need to be qualified by a region or
     697            # dataset, so if the project identifier is omitted we need to fix the ast so that
     698            # the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.X` bit is represented as a single (quoted) Identifier.
     699            # Otherwise, we wouldn't correctly qualify a `Table` node that references these
     700            # views, because it would seem like the "catalog" part is set, when it'd actually
     701            # be the region/dataset. Merging the two identifiers into a single one is done to
     702            # avoid producing a 4-part Table reference, which would cause issues in the schema
     703            # module, when there are 3-part table names mixed with information schema views.
     704            #
     705            # See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/information-schema-intro#syntax
     706            table_parts = table.parts
     707            if len(table_parts) > 1 and table_parts[-2].name.upper() == "INFORMATION_SCHEMA":
     708                # We need to alias the table here to avoid breaking existing qualified columns.
     709                # This is expected to be safe, because if there's an actual alias coming up in
     710                # the token stream, it will overwrite this one. If there isn't one, we are only
     711                # exposing the name that can be used to reference the view explicitly (a no-op).
     712                exp.alias_(
     713                    table,
     714                    t.cast(exp.Identifier, alias or table_parts[-1]),
     715                    table=True,
     716                    copy=False,
     717                )
     718
     719                info_schema_view = f"{table_parts[-2].name}.{table_parts[-1].name}"
     720                table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=info_schema_view, quoted=True))
     721                table.set("db", seq_get(table_parts, -3))
     722                table.set("catalog", seq_get(table_parts, -4))
     723
     724            return table
     725
     726        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     727            column = super()._parse_column()
     728            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
     729                parts = column.parts
     730                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
     731                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
     732                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     733                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
     734                    )
     735
     736                    if rest and this:
     737                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     738
     739                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
     740                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
     741
     742            return column
     743
     744        @t.overload
     745        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
     746
     747        @t.overload
     748        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
     749
     750        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
     751            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
     752            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
     753
     754            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
     755            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
     756            if (
     757                array_kv_pair
     758                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
     759                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
     760            ):
     761                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
     762                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
     763
     764                json_object.set(
     765                    "expressions",
     766                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
     767                )
     768
     769            return json_object
     770
     771        def _parse_bracket(
     772            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     773        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     774            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
     775
     776            if this is bracket:
     777                return bracket
     778
     779            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
     780                for expression in bracket.expressions:
     781                    name = expression.name.upper()
     782
     783                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
     784                        break
     785
     786                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
     787                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
     788                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
     789                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
     790
     791            return bracket
     792
     793        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
     794            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
     795
     796            if not unnest:
     797                return None
     798
     799            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
     800            if unnest_expr:
     801                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     802
     803                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr, dialect=self.dialect)
     804
     805                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
     806                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
     807                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
     808                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
     809                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
     810                ):
     811                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
     812
     813            return unnest
     814
     815        def _parse_make_interval(self) -> exp.MakeInterval:
     816            expr = exp.MakeInterval()
     817
     818            for arg_key in expr.arg_types:
     819                value = self._parse_lambda()
     820
     821                if not value:
     822                    break
     823
     824                # Non-named arguments are filled sequentially, (optionally) followed by named arguments
     825                # that can appear in any order e.g MAKE_INTERVAL(1, minute => 5, day => 2)
     826                if isinstance(value, exp.Kwarg):
     827                    arg_key = value.this.name
     828
     829                expr.set(arg_key, value)
     830
     831                self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     832
     833            return expr
     834
     835        def _parse_features_at_time(self) -> exp.FeaturesAtTime:
     836            expr = self.expression(
     837                exp.FeaturesAtTime,
     838                this=(self._match(TokenType.TABLE) and self._parse_table())
     839                or self._parse_select(nested=True),
     840            )
     841
     842            while self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
     843                arg = self._parse_lambda()
     844
     845                # Get the LHS of the Kwarg and set the arg to that value, e.g
     846                # "num_rows => 1" sets the expr's `num_rows` arg
     847                if arg:
     848                    expr.set(arg.this.name, arg)
     849
     850            return expr
     851
     852        def _parse_export_data(self) -> exp.Export:
     853            self._match_text_seq("DATA")
     854
     855            return self.expression(
     856                exp.Export,
     857                connection=self._match_text_seq("WITH", "CONNECTION") and self._parse_table_parts(),
     858                options=self._parse_properties(),
     859                this=self._match_text_seq("AS") and self._parse_select(),
     860            )
     861
     862    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     863        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
     864        JOIN_HINTS = False
     865        QUERY_HINTS = False
     866        TABLE_HINTS = False
     867        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
     868        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
     869        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
     870        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
     871        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     872        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     873        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
     874        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
     875        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     876        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
     877        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
     878        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
     879        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
     880        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
     881        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
     882        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
     883        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
     884        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     885        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     886        SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS = True
     887
     888        TRANSFORMS = {
     889            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     890            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     891            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
     892            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
     893            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
     894            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
     895            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
     896            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
     897            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
     898                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     899                if e.args.get("default")
     900                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     901            ),
     902            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
     903            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
     904            exp.Create: _create_sql,
     905            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
     906            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
     907            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     908                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
     909            ),
     910            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
     911            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     912            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
     913            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
     914            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
     915            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func(
     916                "DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit"), e.args.get("zone")
     917            ),
     918            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     919                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
     920            ),
     921            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
     922            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(
     923                self, e, func_name="STRING_AGG", within_group=False
     924            ),
     925            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
     926            exp.HexString: lambda self, e: self.hexstring_sql(e, binary_function_repr="FROM_HEX"),
     927            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
     928            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
     929            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
     930            exp.Int64: rename_func("INT64"),
     931            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
     932            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_sql,
     933            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
     934            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
     935            exp.Levenshtein: _levenshtein_sql,
     936            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     937            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
     938            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
     939            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     940            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     941            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
     942                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
     943                e.this,
     944                e.expression,
     945                e.args.get("position"),
     946                e.args.get("occurrence"),
     947            ),
     948            exp.RegexpExtractAll: lambda self, e: self.func(
     949                "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL", e.this, e.expression
     950            ),
     951            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
     952            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
     953            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
     954            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
     955            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     956                [
     957                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(),
     958                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
     959                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     960                    _alias_ordered_group,
     961                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     962                ]
     963            ),
     964            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     965            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
     966            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
     967                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
     968            ),
     969            exp.String: rename_func("STRING"),
     970            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: (
     971                strposition_sql(
     972                    self, e, func_name="INSTR", supports_position=True, supports_occurrence=True
     973                )
     974            ),
     975            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     976            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     977            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
     978            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
     979            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     980            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
     981            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
     982            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
     983            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
     984            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     985            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
     986            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
     987            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
     988            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
     989            exp.TsOrDsToDatetime: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     990            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("TIMESTAMP"),
     991            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
     992            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
     993            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
     994            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
     995            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
     996            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
     997            exp.SafeDivide: rename_func("SAFE_DIVIDE"),
     998        }
     999
    1000        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    1001            exp.JSONPathKey,
    1002            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    1003            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    1004        }
    1005
    1006        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1007            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1008            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    1009            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    1010            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    1011            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "BYTES",
    1012            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    1013            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    1014            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    1015            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    1016            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    1017            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    1018            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    1019            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    1020            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    1021            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    1022            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    1023            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1024            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1025            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    1026            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    1027            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
    1028            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    1029            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    1030            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    1031        }
    1032
    1033        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1034            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1035            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    1036            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1037        }
    1038
    1039        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    1040        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    1041        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    1042            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    1043            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    1044        }
    1045
    1046        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    1047        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    1048            "all",
    1049            "and",
    1050            "any",
    1051            "array",
    1052            "as",
    1053            "asc",
    1054            "assert_rows_modified",
    1055            "at",
    1056            "between",
    1057            "by",
    1058            "case",
    1059            "cast",
    1060            "collate",
    1061            "contains",
    1062            "create",
    1063            "cross",
    1064            "cube",
    1065            "current",
    1066            "default",
    1067            "define",
    1068            "desc",
    1069            "distinct",
    1070            "else",
    1071            "end",
    1072            "enum",
    1073            "escape",
    1074            "except",
    1075            "exclude",
    1076            "exists",
    1077            "extract",
    1078            "false",
    1079            "fetch",
    1080            "following",
    1081            "for",
    1082            "from",
    1083            "full",
    1084            "group",
    1085            "grouping",
    1086            "groups",
    1087            "hash",
    1088            "having",
    1089            "if",
    1090            "ignore",
    1091            "in",
    1092            "inner",
    1093            "intersect",
    1094            "interval",
    1095            "into",
    1096            "is",
    1097            "join",
    1098            "lateral",
    1099            "left",
    1100            "like",
    1101            "limit",
    1102            "lookup",
    1103            "merge",
    1104            "natural",
    1105            "new",
    1106            "no",
    1107            "not",
    1108            "null",
    1109            "nulls",
    1110            "of",
    1111            "on",
    1112            "or",
    1113            "order",
    1114            "outer",
    1115            "over",
    1116            "partition",
    1117            "preceding",
    1118            "proto",
    1119            "qualify",
    1120            "range",
    1121            "recursive",
    1122            "respect",
    1123            "right",
    1124            "rollup",
    1125            "rows",
    1126            "select",
    1127            "set",
    1128            "some",
    1129            "struct",
    1130            "tablesample",
    1131            "then",
    1132            "to",
    1133            "treat",
    1134            "true",
    1135            "unbounded",
    1136            "union",
    1137            "unnest",
    1138            "using",
    1139            "when",
    1140            "where",
    1141            "window",
    1142            "with",
    1143            "within",
    1144        }
    1145
    1146        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    1147            this = expression.this
    1148            expr = expression.expression
    1149            return self.func(
    1150                "MOD",
    1151                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    1152                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    1153            )
    1154
    1155        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    1156            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    1157                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    1158                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    1159                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    1160                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1161                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1162
    1163            return super().column_parts(expression)
    1164
    1165        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1166            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1167            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1168            #
    1169            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1170            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1171            #
    1172            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1173            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1174            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1175                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1176                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1177
    1178            return super().table_parts(expression)
    1179
    1180        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1181            this = expression.this
    1182            if isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToDatetime):
    1183                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1184            elif isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1185                func_name = "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP"
    1186            else:
    1187                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1188
    1189            time_expr = (
    1190                this
    1191                if isinstance(this, (exp.TsOrDsToDatetime, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1192                else expression
    1193            )
    1194            return self.func(
    1195                func_name, self.format_time(expression), time_expr.this, expression.args.get("zone")
    1196            )
    1197
    1198        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1199            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1200            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1201                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1202                    return "NULL"
    1203
    1204            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    1205
    1206        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1207            parent = expression.parent
    1208
    1209            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1210            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1211            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1212                return self.func(
    1213                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1214                )
    1215
    1216            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    1217
    1218        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1219            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    1220
    1221        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1222            this = expression.this
    1223            expressions = expression.expressions
    1224
    1225            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1226                arg = expressions[0]
    1227                if arg.type is None:
    1228                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1229
    1230                    arg = annotate_types(arg, dialect=self.dialect)
    1231
    1232                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1233                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1234                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1235
    1236            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1237            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1238
    1239            if offset == 0:
    1240                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1241            elif offset == 1:
    1242                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1243            elif offset is not None:
    1244                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1245
    1246            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1247                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1248
    1249            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    1250
    1251        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1252            return self.sql(expression)
    1253
    1254        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1255            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1256                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1257            return super().version_sql(expression)
    1258
    1259        def contains_sql(self, expression: exp.Contains) -> str:
    1260            this = expression.this
    1261            expr = expression.expression
    1262
    1263            if isinstance(this, exp.Lower) and isinstance(expr, exp.Lower):
    1264                this = this.this
    1265                expr = expr.this
    1266
    1267            return self.func("CONTAINS_SUBSTR", this, expr)
    1268
    1269        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1270            this = expression.this
    1271
    1272            # This ensures that inline type-annotated ARRAY literals like ARRAY<INT64>[1, 2, 3]
    1273            # are roundtripped unaffected. The inner check excludes ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions,
    1274            # because they aren't literals and so the above syntax is invalid BigQuery.
    1275            if isinstance(this, exp.Array):
    1276                elem = seq_get(this.expressions, 0)
    1277                if not (elem and elem.find(exp.Query)):
    1278                    return f"{self.sql(expression, 'to')}{self.sql(this)}"
    1279
    1280            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

logger = <Logger sqlglot (WARNING)>
JSON_EXTRACT_TYPE = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract, sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar, sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray]
DQUOTES_ESCAPING_JSON_FUNCTIONS = ('JSON_QUERY', 'JSON_VALUE', 'JSON_QUERY_ARRAY')
class BigQuery(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

     356class BigQuery(Dialect):
     357    WEEK_OFFSET = -1
     358    UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True
     359    SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False
     360    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
     361    LOG_BASE_FIRST = False
     362    HEX_LOWERCASE = True
     363    FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True
     364    PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES = True
     365    HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE = True
     366
     367    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#case_sensitivity
     368    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
     369
     370    # bigquery udfs are case sensitive
     371    NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS = False
     372
     373    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/format-elements#format_elements_date_time
     374    TIME_MAPPING = {
     375        "%D": "%m/%d/%y",
     376        "%E6S": "%S.%f",
     377        "%e": "%-d",
     378    }
     379
     380    FORMAT_MAPPING = {
     381        "DD": "%d",
     382        "MM": "%m",
     383        "MON": "%b",
     384        "MONTH": "%B",
     385        "YYYY": "%Y",
     386        "YY": "%y",
     387        "HH": "%I",
     388        "HH12": "%I",
     389        "HH24": "%H",
     390        "MI": "%M",
     391        "SS": "%S",
     392        "SSSSS": "%f",
     393        "TZH": "%z",
     394    }
     395
     396    # The _PARTITIONTIME and _PARTITIONDATE pseudo-columns are not returned by a SELECT * statement
     397    # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/querying-partitioned-tables#query_an_ingestion-time_partitioned_table
     398    PSEUDOCOLUMNS = {"_PARTITIONTIME", "_PARTITIONDATE"}
     399
     400    # All set operations require either a DISTINCT or ALL specifier
     401    SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT = dict.fromkeys((exp.Except, exp.Intersect, exp.Union), None)
     402
     403    # BigQuery maps Type.TIMESTAMP to DATETIME, so we need to amend the inferred types
     404    TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS = {
     405        **Dialect.TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS,
     406        exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: Dialect.TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS[exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP],
     407    }
     408    TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS.pop(exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
     409
     410    ANNOTATORS = {
     411        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
     412        **{
     413            expr_type: annotate_with_type_lambda(data_type)
     414            for data_type, expressions in TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS.items()
     415            for expr_type in expressions
     416        },
     417        **{
     418            expr_type: lambda self, e: _annotate_math_functions(self, e)
     419            for expr_type in (exp.Floor, exp.Ceil, exp.Log, exp.Ln, exp.Sqrt, exp.Exp, exp.Round)
     420        },
     421        **{
     422            expr_type: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
     423            for expr_type in (
     424                exp.Left,
     425                exp.Right,
     426                exp.Lower,
     427                exp.Upper,
     428                exp.Pad,
     429                exp.Trim,
     430                exp.RegexpExtract,
     431                exp.RegexpReplace,
     432                exp.Repeat,
     433                exp.Substring,
     434            )
     435        },
     436        exp.Concat: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "expressions"),
     437        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
     438        exp.Split: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", array=True),
     439    }
     440
     441    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
     442        if (
     443            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
     444            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
     445        ):
     446            parent = expression.parent
     447            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
     448                parent = parent.parent
     449
     450            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
     451            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
     452            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
     453            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
     454            case_sensitive = (
     455                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
     456                or (
     457                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
     458                    and parent.db
     459                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
     460                )
     461                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
     462            )
     463            if not case_sensitive:
     464                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
     465
     466        return expression
     467
     468    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
     469        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
     470        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
     471        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
     472        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
     473
     474        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
     475
     476        BYTE_STRINGS = [
     477            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
     478        ]
     479
     480        RAW_STRINGS = [
     481            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
     482        ]
     483
     484        KEYWORDS = {
     485            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
     486            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
     487            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
     488            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
     489            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
     490            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
     491            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
     492            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
     493            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
     494            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
     495            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
     496            "EXPORT": TokenType.EXPORT,
     497            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
     498            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
     499            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
     500            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
     501            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
     502            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
     503        }
     504        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
     505        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
     506        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
     507
     508    class Parser(parser.Parser):
     509        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
     510        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
     511        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
     512
     513        FUNCTIONS = {
     514            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
     515            "CONTAINS_SUBSTR": _build_contains_substring,
     516            "DATE": _build_date,
     517            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
     518            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
     519            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
     520                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
     521                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     522                zone=seq_get(args, 2),
     523            ),
     524            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
     525            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
     526            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
     527            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
     528            "EDIT_DISTANCE": _build_levenshtein,
     529            "FORMAT_DATE": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate),
     530            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
     531            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
     532            "JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
     533            "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract),
     534            "JSON_QUERY_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
     535            "JSON_VALUE": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
     536            "JSON_VALUE_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONValueArray),
     537            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
     538            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
     539            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
     540            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
     541                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
     542            ),
     543            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
     544            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
     545            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     546            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
     547            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(
     548                exp.RegexpExtractAll, default_group=exp.Literal.number(0)
     549            ),
     550            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
     551            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
     552            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
     553                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
     554                this=seq_get(args, 0),
     555                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
     556            ),
     557            "STRPOS": exp.StrPosition.from_arg_list,
     558            "TIME": _build_time,
     559            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
     560            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
     561            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
     562            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
     563            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
     564            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     565                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
     566            ),
     567            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
     568                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
     569            ),
     570            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
     571            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
     572            "FORMAT_DATETIME": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDatetime),
     573            "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp),
     574        }
     575
     576        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
     577            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
     578            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
     579            "MAKE_INTERVAL": lambda self: self._parse_make_interval(),
     580            "FEATURES_AT_TIME": lambda self: self._parse_features_at_time(),
     581        }
     582        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
     583
     584        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
     585            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
     586            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
     587        }
     588
     589        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
     590            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
     591            TokenType.TABLE,
     592        }
     593
     594        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
     595            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
     596            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
     597                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
     598            ),
     599            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
     600        }
     601
     602        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
     603            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
     604            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
     605        }
     606
     607        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
     608        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
     609
     610        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
     611
     612        DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS = {TokenType.DOT, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN}
     613
     614        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
     615            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
     616            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     617            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
     618            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
     619            TokenType.EXPORT: lambda self: self._parse_export_data(),
     620        }
     621
     622        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
     623            "OFFSET": (0, False),
     624            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
     625            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
     626            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
     627        }
     628
     629        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
     630            this = self._parse_range()
     631            self._match_text_seq("DO")
     632            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
     633
     634        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     635            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
     636
     637            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
     638            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
     639                table_name = this.name
     640                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
     641                    start = self._curr
     642                    while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
     643                        self.DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS, advance=False
     644                    ):
     645                        self._advance()
     646
     647                    table_name += self._find_sql(start, self._prev)
     648
     649                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
     650            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
     651                table_name = this.name
     652
     653                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
     654                    table_name += self._prev.text
     655
     656                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
     657
     658            return this
     659
     660        def _parse_table_parts(
     661            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
     662        ) -> exp.Table:
     663            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
     664                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
     665            )
     666
     667            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
     668            if not table.catalog:
     669                if table.db:
     670                    parts = table.db.split(".")
     671                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
     672                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     673                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     674                else:
     675                    parts = table.name.split(".")
     676                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
     677                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
     678                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
     679
     680            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
     681                alias = table.this
     682                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
     683                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     684                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
     685                )
     686
     687                if rest and this:
     688                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     689
     690                table = exp.Table(
     691                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
     692                )
     693                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
     694            else:
     695                alias = None
     696
     697            # The `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` views in BigQuery need to be qualified by a region or
     698            # dataset, so if the project identifier is omitted we need to fix the ast so that
     699            # the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.X` bit is represented as a single (quoted) Identifier.
     700            # Otherwise, we wouldn't correctly qualify a `Table` node that references these
     701            # views, because it would seem like the "catalog" part is set, when it'd actually
     702            # be the region/dataset. Merging the two identifiers into a single one is done to
     703            # avoid producing a 4-part Table reference, which would cause issues in the schema
     704            # module, when there are 3-part table names mixed with information schema views.
     705            #
     706            # See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/information-schema-intro#syntax
     707            table_parts = table.parts
     708            if len(table_parts) > 1 and table_parts[-2].name.upper() == "INFORMATION_SCHEMA":
     709                # We need to alias the table here to avoid breaking existing qualified columns.
     710                # This is expected to be safe, because if there's an actual alias coming up in
     711                # the token stream, it will overwrite this one. If there isn't one, we are only
     712                # exposing the name that can be used to reference the view explicitly (a no-op).
     713                exp.alias_(
     714                    table,
     715                    t.cast(exp.Identifier, alias or table_parts[-1]),
     716                    table=True,
     717                    copy=False,
     718                )
     719
     720                info_schema_view = f"{table_parts[-2].name}.{table_parts[-1].name}"
     721                table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=info_schema_view, quoted=True))
     722                table.set("db", seq_get(table_parts, -3))
     723                table.set("catalog", seq_get(table_parts, -4))
     724
     725            return table
     726
     727        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     728            column = super()._parse_column()
     729            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
     730                parts = column.parts
     731                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
     732                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
     733                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
     734                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
     735                    )
     736
     737                    if rest and this:
     738                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
     739
     740                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
     741                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
     742
     743            return column
     744
     745        @t.overload
     746        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
     747
     748        @t.overload
     749        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
     750
     751        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
     752            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
     753            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
     754
     755            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
     756            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
     757            if (
     758                array_kv_pair
     759                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
     760                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
     761            ):
     762                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
     763                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
     764
     765                json_object.set(
     766                    "expressions",
     767                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
     768                )
     769
     770            return json_object
     771
     772        def _parse_bracket(
     773            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
     774        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
     775            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
     776
     777            if this is bracket:
     778                return bracket
     779
     780            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
     781                for expression in bracket.expressions:
     782                    name = expression.name.upper()
     783
     784                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
     785                        break
     786
     787                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
     788                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
     789                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
     790                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
     791
     792            return bracket
     793
     794        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
     795            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
     796
     797            if not unnest:
     798                return None
     799
     800            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
     801            if unnest_expr:
     802                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
     803
     804                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr, dialect=self.dialect)
     805
     806                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
     807                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
     808                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
     809                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
     810                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
     811                ):
     812                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
     813
     814            return unnest
     815
     816        def _parse_make_interval(self) -> exp.MakeInterval:
     817            expr = exp.MakeInterval()
     818
     819            for arg_key in expr.arg_types:
     820                value = self._parse_lambda()
     821
     822                if not value:
     823                    break
     824
     825                # Non-named arguments are filled sequentially, (optionally) followed by named arguments
     826                # that can appear in any order e.g MAKE_INTERVAL(1, minute => 5, day => 2)
     827                if isinstance(value, exp.Kwarg):
     828                    arg_key = value.this.name
     829
     830                expr.set(arg_key, value)
     831
     832                self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
     833
     834            return expr
     835
     836        def _parse_features_at_time(self) -> exp.FeaturesAtTime:
     837            expr = self.expression(
     838                exp.FeaturesAtTime,
     839                this=(self._match(TokenType.TABLE) and self._parse_table())
     840                or self._parse_select(nested=True),
     841            )
     842
     843            while self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
     844                arg = self._parse_lambda()
     845
     846                # Get the LHS of the Kwarg and set the arg to that value, e.g
     847                # "num_rows => 1" sets the expr's `num_rows` arg
     848                if arg:
     849                    expr.set(arg.this.name, arg)
     850
     851            return expr
     852
     853        def _parse_export_data(self) -> exp.Export:
     854            self._match_text_seq("DATA")
     855
     856            return self.expression(
     857                exp.Export,
     858                connection=self._match_text_seq("WITH", "CONNECTION") and self._parse_table_parts(),
     859                options=self._parse_properties(),
     860                this=self._match_text_seq("AS") and self._parse_select(),
     861            )
     862
     863    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     864        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
     865        JOIN_HINTS = False
     866        QUERY_HINTS = False
     867        TABLE_HINTS = False
     868        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
     869        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
     870        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
     871        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
     872        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     873        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     874        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
     875        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
     876        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     877        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
     878        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
     879        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
     880        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
     881        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
     882        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
     883        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
     884        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
     885        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     886        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     887        SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS = True
     888
     889        TRANSFORMS = {
     890            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     891            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     892            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
     893            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
     894            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
     895            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
     896            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
     897            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
     898            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
     899                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     900                if e.args.get("default")
     901                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     902            ),
     903            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
     904            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
     905            exp.Create: _create_sql,
     906            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
     907            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
     908            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     909                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
     910            ),
     911            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
     912            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     913            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
     914            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
     915            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
     916            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func(
     917                "DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit"), e.args.get("zone")
     918            ),
     919            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     920                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
     921            ),
     922            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
     923            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(
     924                self, e, func_name="STRING_AGG", within_group=False
     925            ),
     926            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
     927            exp.HexString: lambda self, e: self.hexstring_sql(e, binary_function_repr="FROM_HEX"),
     928            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
     929            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
     930            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
     931            exp.Int64: rename_func("INT64"),
     932            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
     933            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_sql,
     934            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
     935            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
     936            exp.Levenshtein: _levenshtein_sql,
     937            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     938            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
     939            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
     940            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     941            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     942            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
     943                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
     944                e.this,
     945                e.expression,
     946                e.args.get("position"),
     947                e.args.get("occurrence"),
     948            ),
     949            exp.RegexpExtractAll: lambda self, e: self.func(
     950                "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL", e.this, e.expression
     951            ),
     952            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
     953            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
     954            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
     955            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
     956            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     957                [
     958                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(),
     959                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
     960                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     961                    _alias_ordered_group,
     962                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     963                ]
     964            ),
     965            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     966            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
     967            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
     968                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
     969            ),
     970            exp.String: rename_func("STRING"),
     971            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: (
     972                strposition_sql(
     973                    self, e, func_name="INSTR", supports_position=True, supports_occurrence=True
     974                )
     975            ),
     976            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     977            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     978            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
     979            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
     980            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     981            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
     982            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
     983            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
     984            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
     985            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     986            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
     987            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
     988            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
     989            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
     990            exp.TsOrDsToDatetime: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     991            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("TIMESTAMP"),
     992            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
     993            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
     994            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
     995            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
     996            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
     997            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
     998            exp.SafeDivide: rename_func("SAFE_DIVIDE"),
     999        }
    1000
    1001        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    1002            exp.JSONPathKey,
    1003            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    1004            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    1005        }
    1006
    1007        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1008            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1009            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    1010            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    1011            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    1012            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "BYTES",
    1013            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    1014            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    1015            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    1016            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    1017            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    1018            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    1019            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    1020            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    1021            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    1022            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    1023            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    1024            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1025            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1026            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    1027            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    1028            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
    1029            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    1030            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    1031            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    1032        }
    1033
    1034        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1035            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1036            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    1037            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1038        }
    1039
    1040        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    1041        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    1042        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    1043            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    1044            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    1045        }
    1046
    1047        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    1048        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    1049            "all",
    1050            "and",
    1051            "any",
    1052            "array",
    1053            "as",
    1054            "asc",
    1055            "assert_rows_modified",
    1056            "at",
    1057            "between",
    1058            "by",
    1059            "case",
    1060            "cast",
    1061            "collate",
    1062            "contains",
    1063            "create",
    1064            "cross",
    1065            "cube",
    1066            "current",
    1067            "default",
    1068            "define",
    1069            "desc",
    1070            "distinct",
    1071            "else",
    1072            "end",
    1073            "enum",
    1074            "escape",
    1075            "except",
    1076            "exclude",
    1077            "exists",
    1078            "extract",
    1079            "false",
    1080            "fetch",
    1081            "following",
    1082            "for",
    1083            "from",
    1084            "full",
    1085            "group",
    1086            "grouping",
    1087            "groups",
    1088            "hash",
    1089            "having",
    1090            "if",
    1091            "ignore",
    1092            "in",
    1093            "inner",
    1094            "intersect",
    1095            "interval",
    1096            "into",
    1097            "is",
    1098            "join",
    1099            "lateral",
    1100            "left",
    1101            "like",
    1102            "limit",
    1103            "lookup",
    1104            "merge",
    1105            "natural",
    1106            "new",
    1107            "no",
    1108            "not",
    1109            "null",
    1110            "nulls",
    1111            "of",
    1112            "on",
    1113            "or",
    1114            "order",
    1115            "outer",
    1116            "over",
    1117            "partition",
    1118            "preceding",
    1119            "proto",
    1120            "qualify",
    1121            "range",
    1122            "recursive",
    1123            "respect",
    1124            "right",
    1125            "rollup",
    1126            "rows",
    1127            "select",
    1128            "set",
    1129            "some",
    1130            "struct",
    1131            "tablesample",
    1132            "then",
    1133            "to",
    1134            "treat",
    1135            "true",
    1136            "unbounded",
    1137            "union",
    1138            "unnest",
    1139            "using",
    1140            "when",
    1141            "where",
    1142            "window",
    1143            "with",
    1144            "within",
    1145        }
    1146
    1147        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    1148            this = expression.this
    1149            expr = expression.expression
    1150            return self.func(
    1151                "MOD",
    1152                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    1153                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    1154            )
    1155
    1156        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    1157            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    1158                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    1159                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    1160                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    1161                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1162                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1163
    1164            return super().column_parts(expression)
    1165
    1166        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1167            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1168            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1169            #
    1170            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1171            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1172            #
    1173            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1174            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1175            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1176                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1177                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1178
    1179            return super().table_parts(expression)
    1180
    1181        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1182            this = expression.this
    1183            if isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToDatetime):
    1184                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1185            elif isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1186                func_name = "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP"
    1187            else:
    1188                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1189
    1190            time_expr = (
    1191                this
    1192                if isinstance(this, (exp.TsOrDsToDatetime, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1193                else expression
    1194            )
    1195            return self.func(
    1196                func_name, self.format_time(expression), time_expr.this, expression.args.get("zone")
    1197            )
    1198
    1199        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1200            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1201            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1202                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1203                    return "NULL"
    1204
    1205            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    1206
    1207        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1208            parent = expression.parent
    1209
    1210            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1211            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1212            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1213                return self.func(
    1214                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1215                )
    1216
    1217            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    1218
    1219        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1220            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    1221
    1222        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1223            this = expression.this
    1224            expressions = expression.expressions
    1225
    1226            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1227                arg = expressions[0]
    1228                if arg.type is None:
    1229                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1230
    1231                    arg = annotate_types(arg, dialect=self.dialect)
    1232
    1233                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1234                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1235                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1236
    1237            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1238            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1239
    1240            if offset == 0:
    1241                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1242            elif offset == 1:
    1243                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1244            elif offset is not None:
    1245                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1246
    1247            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1248                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1249
    1250            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    1251
    1252        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1253            return self.sql(expression)
    1254
    1255        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1256            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1257                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1258            return super().version_sql(expression)
    1259
    1260        def contains_sql(self, expression: exp.Contains) -> str:
    1261            this = expression.this
    1262            expr = expression.expression
    1263
    1264            if isinstance(this, exp.Lower) and isinstance(expr, exp.Lower):
    1265                this = this.this
    1266                expr = expr.this
    1267
    1268            return self.func("CONTAINS_SUBSTR", this, expr)
    1269
    1270        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1271            this = expression.this
    1272
    1273            # This ensures that inline type-annotated ARRAY literals like ARRAY<INT64>[1, 2, 3]
    1274            # are roundtripped unaffected. The inner check excludes ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions,
    1275            # because they aren't literals and so the above syntax is invalid BigQuery.
    1276            if isinstance(this, exp.Array):
    1277                elem = seq_get(this.expressions, 0)
    1278                if not (elem and elem.find(exp.Query)):
    1279                    return f"{self.sql(expression, 'to')}{self.sql(this)}"
    1280
    1281            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

WEEK_OFFSET = -1

First day of the week in DATE_TRUNC(week). Defaults to 0 (Monday). -1 would be Sunday.

UNNEST_COLUMN_ONLY = True

Whether `UNNEST` table aliases are treated as column aliases.

SUPPORTS_USER_DEFINED_TYPES = False

Whether user-defined data types are supported.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = False

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

HEX_LOWERCASE = True

Whether the `HEX` function returns a lowercase hexadecimal string.

FORCE_EARLY_ALIAS_REF_EXPANSION = True

Whether alias reference expansion (_expand_alias_refs()) should run before column qualification (_qualify_columns()).

###### For example:

> WITH data AS ( SELECT 1 AS id, 2 AS my_id ) SELECT id AS my_id FROM data WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY my_id, HAVING my_id = 1

In most dialects, "my_id" would refer to "data.my_id" across the query, except: - BigQuery, which will forward the alias to GROUP BY + HAVING clauses i.e it resolves to "WHERE my_id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1" - Clickhouse, which will forward the alias across the query i.e it resolves to "WHERE id = 1 GROUP BY id HAVING id = 1"

PRESERVE_ORIGINAL_NAMES: bool = True

Whether the name of the function should be preserved inside the node's metadata, can be useful for roundtripping deprecated vs new functions that share an AST node e.g JSON_VALUE vs JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR in BigQuery

HEX_STRING_IS_INTEGER_TYPE: bool = True

Whether hex strings such as x'CC' evaluate to integer or binary/blob type

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

NORMALIZE_FUNCTIONS: bool | str = False

Determines how function names are going to be normalized.

###### Possible values:

> "upper" or True: Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.

TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%D': '%m/%d/%y', '%E6S': '%S.%f', '%e': '%-d'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'DD': '%d', 'MM': '%m', 'MON': '%b', 'MONTH': '%B', 'YYYY': '%Y', 'YY': '%y', 'HH': '%I', 'HH12': '%I', 'HH24': '%H', 'MI': '%M', 'SS': '%S', 'SSSSS': '%f', 'TZH': '%z'}

Helper which is used for parsing the special syntax `CAST(x AS DATE FORMAT 'yyyy')`. If empty, the corresponding trie will be constructed off of `TIME_MAPPING`.

PSEUDOCOLUMNS: Set[str] = {'_PARTITIONDATE', '_PARTITIONTIME'}

Columns that are auto-generated by the engine corresponding to this dialect. For example, such columns may be excluded from `SELECT *` queries.

SET_OP_DISTINCT_BY_DEFAULT: Dict[Type[sqlglot.expressions.Expression], Optional[bool]] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: None, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: None}

Whether a set operation uses DISTINCT by default. This is `None` when either `DISTINCT` or `ALL` must be explicitly specified.

TYPE_TO_EXPRESSIONS: Dict[sqlglot.expressions.DataType.Type, Set[Type[sqlglot.expressions.Expression]]] = {<Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>}, <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>}, <Type.DATE: 'DATE'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>}, <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>}, <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>}, <Type.INT: 'INT'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>}, <Type.JSON: 'JSON'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>}, <Type.TIME: 'TIME'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>}, <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>}, <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>}, <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>}}
ANNOTATORS: Dict[Type[~E], Callable[[sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types.TypeAnnotator, ~E], ~E]] = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function BigQuery.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function BigQuery.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>: <function BigQuery.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>: <function BigQuery.<lambda>>}
def normalize_identifier(self, expression: ~E) -> ~E: View Source

    441    def normalize_identifier(self, expression: E) -> E:
    442        if (
    443            isinstance(expression, exp.Identifier)
    444            and self.normalization_strategy is not NormalizationStrategy.CASE_SENSITIVE
    445        ):
    446            parent = expression.parent
    447            while isinstance(parent, exp.Dot):
    448                parent = parent.parent
    449
    450            # In BigQuery, CTEs are case-insensitive, but UDF and table names are case-sensitive
    451            # by default. The following check uses a heuristic to detect tables based on whether
    452            # they are qualified. This should generally be correct, because tables in BigQuery
    453            # must be qualified with at least a dataset, unless @@dataset_id is set.
    454            case_sensitive = (
    455                isinstance(parent, exp.UserDefinedFunction)
    456                or (
    457                    isinstance(parent, exp.Table)
    458                    and parent.db
    459                    and (parent.meta.get("quoted_table") or not parent.meta.get("maybe_column"))
    460                )
    461                or expression.meta.get("is_table")
    462            )
    463            if not case_sensitive:
    464                expression.set("this", expression.this.lower())
    465
    466        return expression

Transforms an identifier in a way that resembles how it'd be resolved by this dialect.

For example, an identifier like `FoO` would be resolved as `foo` in Postgres, because it lowercases all unquoted identifiers. On the other hand, Snowflake uppercases them, so it would resolve it as `FOO`. If it was quoted, it'd need to be treated as case-sensitive, and so any normalization would be prohibited in order to avoid "breaking" the identifier.

There are also dialects like Spark, which are case-insensitive even when quotes are present, and dialects like MySQL, whose resolution rules match those employed by the underlying operating system, for example they may always be case-sensitive in Linux.

Finally, the normalization behavior of some engines can even be controlled through flags, like in Redshift's case, where users can explicitly set enable_case_sensitive_identifier.

SQLGlot aims to understand and handle all of these different behaviors gracefully, so that it can analyze queries in the optimizer and successfully capture their semantics.

SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

UNESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\\a': '\x07', '\\b': '\x08', '\\f': '\x0c', '\\n': '\n', '\\r': '\r', '\\t': '\t', '\\v': '\x0b', '\\\\': '\\'}

Mapping of an escaped sequence (`\n`) to its unescaped version (`` ).

tokenizer_class = <class 'BigQuery.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'BigQuery.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'BigQuery.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'D': {0: True}, 'E': {'6': {'S': {0: True}}}, 'e': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'D': {'D': {0: True}}, 'M': {'M': {0: True}, 'O': {'N': {0: True, 'T': {'H': {0: True}}}}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {'Y': {0: True}}, 0: True}}, 'H': {'H': {0: True, '1': {'2': {0: True}}, '2': {'4': {0: True}}}}, 'S': {'S': {0: True, 'S': {'S': {'S': {0: True}}}}}, 'T': {'Z': {'H': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%m/%d/%y': '%D', '%S.%f': '%E6S', '%-d': '%e'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'m': {'/': {'%': {'d': {'/': {'%': {'y': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'S': {'.': {'%': {'f': {0: True}}}}, '-': {'d': {0: True}}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%d': 'DD', '%m': 'MM', '%b': 'MON', '%B': 'MONTH', '%Y': 'YYYY', '%y': 'YY', '%I': 'HH12', '%H': 'HH24', '%M': 'MI', '%S': 'SS', '%f': 'SSSSS', '%z': 'TZH'}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'d': {0: True}, 'm': {0: True}, 'b': {0: True}, 'B': {0: True}, 'Y': {0: True}, 'y': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'f': {0: True}, 'z': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {'\x07': '\\a', '\x08': '\\b', '\x0c': '\\f', '\n': '\\n', '\r': '\\r', '\t': '\\t', '\x0b': '\\v', '\\': '\\\\'}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '`'
IDENTIFIER_END = '`'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = '0x'
HEX_END: Optional[str] = ''
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = "b'"
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = None
class BigQuery.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    468    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    469        QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
    470        COMMENTS = ["--", "#", ("/*", "*/")]
    471        IDENTIFIERS = ["`"]
    472        STRING_ESCAPES = ["\\"]
    473
    474        HEX_STRINGS = [("0x", ""), ("0X", "")]
    475
    476        BYTE_STRINGS = [
    477            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("b", "B")
    478        ]
    479
    480        RAW_STRINGS = [
    481            (prefix + q, q) for q in t.cast(t.List[str], QUOTES) for prefix in ("r", "R")
    482        ]
    483
    484        KEYWORDS = {
    485            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    486            "ANY TYPE": TokenType.VARIANT,
    487            "BEGIN": TokenType.COMMAND,
    488            "BEGIN TRANSACTION": TokenType.BEGIN,
    489            "BYTEINT": TokenType.INT,
    490            "BYTES": TokenType.BINARY,
    491            "CURRENT_DATETIME": TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME,
    492            "DATETIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP,
    493            "DECLARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    494            "ELSEIF": TokenType.COMMAND,
    495            "EXCEPTION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    496            "EXPORT": TokenType.EXPORT,
    497            "FLOAT64": TokenType.DOUBLE,
    498            "FOR SYSTEM_TIME": TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT,
    499            "MODEL": TokenType.MODEL,
    500            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": TokenType.VOLATILE,
    501            "RECORD": TokenType.STRUCT,
    502            "TIMESTAMP": TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ,
    503        }
    504        KEYWORDS.pop("DIV")
    505        KEYWORDS.pop("VALUES")
    506        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")

QUOTES = ["'", '"', '"""', "'''"]
COMMENTS = ['--', '#', ('/*', '*/')]
IDENTIFIERS = ['`']
STRING_ESCAPES = ['\\']
HEX_STRINGS = [('0x', ''), ('0X', '')]
BYTE_STRINGS = [("b'", "'"), ("B'", "'"), ('b"', '"'), ('B"', '"'), ('b"""', '"""'), ('B"""', '"""'), ("b'''", "'''"), ("B'''", "'''")]
RAW_STRINGS = [("r'", "'"), ("R'", "'"), ('r"', '"'), ('R"', '"'), ('r"""', '"""'), ('R"""', '"""'), ("r'''", "'''"), ("R'''", "'''")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'QUALIFY': <TokenType.QUALIFY: 'QUALIFY'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'ANY TYPE': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'BEGIN TRANSACTION': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BYTEINT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'BYTES': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, 'DECLARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'ELSEIF': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXCEPTION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'EXPORT': <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, 'FLOAT64': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'FOR SYSTEM_TIME': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'MODEL': <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'RECORD': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  UNICODE_STRINGS
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class BigQuery.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    508    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    509        PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
    510        LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
    511        SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
    512
    513        FUNCTIONS = {
    514            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    515            "CONTAINS_SUBSTR": _build_contains_substring,
    516            "DATE": _build_date,
    517            "DATE_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateAdd),
    518            "DATE_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DateSub),
    519            "DATE_TRUNC": lambda args: exp.DateTrunc(
    520                unit=exp.Literal.string(str(seq_get(args, 1))),
    521                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    522                zone=seq_get(args, 2),
    523            ),
    524            "DATETIME": _build_datetime,
    525            "DATETIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeAdd),
    526            "DATETIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.DatetimeSub),
    527            "DIV": binary_from_function(exp.IntDiv),
    528            "EDIT_DISTANCE": _build_levenshtein,
    529            "FORMAT_DATE": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDate),
    530            "GENERATE_ARRAY": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    531            "JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
    532            "JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
    533            "JSON_QUERY": parser.build_extract_json_with_path(exp.JSONExtract),
    534            "JSON_QUERY_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractArray),
    535            "JSON_VALUE": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONExtractScalar),
    536            "JSON_VALUE_ARRAY": _build_extract_json_with_default_path(exp.JSONValueArray),
    537            "LENGTH": lambda args: exp.Length(this=seq_get(args, 0), binary=True),
    538            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    539            "TO_HEX": _build_to_hex,
    540            "PARSE_DATE": lambda args: build_formatted_time(exp.StrToDate, "bigquery")(
    541                [seq_get(args, 1), seq_get(args, 0)]
    542            ),
    543            "PARSE_TIMESTAMP": _build_parse_timestamp,
    544            "REGEXP_CONTAINS": exp.RegexpLike.from_arg_list,
    545            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    546            "REGEXP_SUBSTR": _build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    547            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": _build_regexp_extract(
    548                exp.RegexpExtractAll, default_group=exp.Literal.number(0)
    549            ),
    550            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    551            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    552            "SPLIT": lambda args: exp.Split(
    553                # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/string_functions#split
    554                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    555                expression=seq_get(args, 1) or exp.Literal.string(","),
    556            ),
    557            "STRPOS": exp.StrPosition.from_arg_list,
    558            "TIME": _build_time,
    559            "TIME_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeAdd),
    560            "TIME_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimeSub),
    561            "TIMESTAMP": _build_timestamp,
    562            "TIMESTAMP_ADD": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampAdd),
    563            "TIMESTAMP_SUB": build_date_delta_with_interval(exp.TimestampSub),
    564            "TIMESTAMP_MICROS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    565                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MICROS
    566            ),
    567            "TIMESTAMP_MILLIS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(
    568                this=seq_get(args, 0), scale=exp.UnixToTime.MILLIS
    569            ),
    570            "TIMESTAMP_SECONDS": lambda args: exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    571            "TO_JSON_STRING": exp.JSONFormat.from_arg_list,
    572            "FORMAT_DATETIME": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToDatetime),
    573            "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP": _build_format_time(exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp),
    574        }
    575
    576        FUNCTION_PARSERS = {
    577            **parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS,
    578            "ARRAY": lambda self: self.expression(exp.Array, expressions=[self._parse_statement()]),
    579            "MAKE_INTERVAL": lambda self: self._parse_make_interval(),
    580            "FEATURES_AT_TIME": lambda self: self._parse_features_at_time(),
    581        }
    582        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    583
    584        NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {
    585            **parser.Parser.NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS,
    586            TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: exp.CurrentDatetime,
    587        }
    588
    589        NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {
    590            *parser.Parser.NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS,
    591            TokenType.TABLE,
    592        }
    593
    594        PROPERTY_PARSERS = {
    595            **parser.Parser.PROPERTY_PARSERS,
    596            "NOT DETERMINISTIC": lambda self: self.expression(
    597                exp.StabilityProperty, this=exp.Literal.string("VOLATILE")
    598            ),
    599            "OPTIONS": lambda self: self._parse_with_property(),
    600        }
    601
    602        CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {
    603            **parser.Parser.CONSTRAINT_PARSERS,
    604            "OPTIONS": lambda self: exp.Properties(expressions=self._parse_with_property()),
    605        }
    606
    607        RANGE_PARSERS = parser.Parser.RANGE_PARSERS.copy()
    608        RANGE_PARSERS.pop(TokenType.OVERLAPS)
    609
    610        NULL_TOKENS = {TokenType.NULL, TokenType.UNKNOWN}
    611
    612        DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS = {TokenType.DOT, TokenType.L_PAREN, TokenType.R_PAREN}
    613
    614        STATEMENT_PARSERS = {
    615            **parser.Parser.STATEMENT_PARSERS,
    616            TokenType.ELSE: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    617            TokenType.END: lambda self: self._parse_as_command(self._prev),
    618            TokenType.FOR: lambda self: self._parse_for_in(),
    619            TokenType.EXPORT: lambda self: self._parse_export_data(),
    620        }
    621
    622        BRACKET_OFFSETS = {
    623            "OFFSET": (0, False),
    624            "ORDINAL": (1, False),
    625            "SAFE_OFFSET": (0, True),
    626            "SAFE_ORDINAL": (1, True),
    627        }
    628
    629        def _parse_for_in(self) -> exp.ForIn:
    630            this = self._parse_range()
    631            self._match_text_seq("DO")
    632            return self.expression(exp.ForIn, this=this, expression=self._parse_statement())
    633
    634        def _parse_table_part(self, schema: bool = False) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    635            this = super()._parse_table_part(schema=schema) or self._parse_number()
    636
    637            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#table_names
    638            if isinstance(this, exp.Identifier):
    639                table_name = this.name
    640                while self._match(TokenType.DASH, advance=False) and self._next:
    641                    start = self._curr
    642                    while self._is_connected() and not self._match_set(
    643                        self.DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS, advance=False
    644                    ):
    645                        self._advance()
    646
    647                    table_name += self._find_sql(start, self._prev)
    648
    649                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=this.args.get("quoted"))
    650            elif isinstance(this, exp.Literal):
    651                table_name = this.name
    652
    653                if self._is_connected() and self._parse_var(any_token=True):
    654                    table_name += self._prev.text
    655
    656                this = exp.Identifier(this=table_name, quoted=True)
    657
    658            return this
    659
    660        def _parse_table_parts(
    661            self, schema: bool = False, is_db_reference: bool = False, wildcard: bool = False
    662        ) -> exp.Table:
    663            table = super()._parse_table_parts(
    664                schema=schema, is_db_reference=is_db_reference, wildcard=True
    665            )
    666
    667            # proj-1.db.tbl -- `1.` is tokenized as a float so we need to unravel it here
    668            if not table.catalog:
    669                if table.db:
    670                    parts = table.db.split(".")
    671                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.args["db"].quoted:
    672                        table.set("catalog", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    673                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    674                else:
    675                    parts = table.name.split(".")
    676                    if len(parts) == 2 and not table.this.quoted:
    677                        table.set("db", exp.Identifier(this=parts[0]))
    678                        table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=parts[1]))
    679
    680            if isinstance(table.this, exp.Identifier) and any("." in p.name for p in table.parts):
    681                alias = table.this
    682                catalog, db, this, *rest = (
    683                    exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    684                    for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in table.parts), ".", 3)
    685                )
    686
    687                if rest and this:
    688                    this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    689
    690                table = exp.Table(
    691                    this=this, db=db, catalog=catalog, pivots=table.args.get("pivots")
    692                )
    693                table.meta["quoted_table"] = True
    694            else:
    695                alias = None
    696
    697            # The `INFORMATION_SCHEMA` views in BigQuery need to be qualified by a region or
    698            # dataset, so if the project identifier is omitted we need to fix the ast so that
    699            # the `INFORMATION_SCHEMA.X` bit is represented as a single (quoted) Identifier.
    700            # Otherwise, we wouldn't correctly qualify a `Table` node that references these
    701            # views, because it would seem like the "catalog" part is set, when it'd actually
    702            # be the region/dataset. Merging the two identifiers into a single one is done to
    703            # avoid producing a 4-part Table reference, which would cause issues in the schema
    704            # module, when there are 3-part table names mixed with information schema views.
    705            #
    706            # See: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/information-schema-intro#syntax
    707            table_parts = table.parts
    708            if len(table_parts) > 1 and table_parts[-2].name.upper() == "INFORMATION_SCHEMA":
    709                # We need to alias the table here to avoid breaking existing qualified columns.
    710                # This is expected to be safe, because if there's an actual alias coming up in
    711                # the token stream, it will overwrite this one. If there isn't one, we are only
    712                # exposing the name that can be used to reference the view explicitly (a no-op).
    713                exp.alias_(
    714                    table,
    715                    t.cast(exp.Identifier, alias or table_parts[-1]),
    716                    table=True,
    717                    copy=False,
    718                )
    719
    720                info_schema_view = f"{table_parts[-2].name}.{table_parts[-1].name}"
    721                table.set("this", exp.Identifier(this=info_schema_view, quoted=True))
    722                table.set("db", seq_get(table_parts, -3))
    723                table.set("catalog", seq_get(table_parts, -4))
    724
    725            return table
    726
    727        def _parse_column(self) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    728            column = super()._parse_column()
    729            if isinstance(column, exp.Column):
    730                parts = column.parts
    731                if any("." in p.name for p in parts):
    732                    catalog, db, table, this, *rest = (
    733                        exp.to_identifier(p, quoted=True)
    734                        for p in split_num_words(".".join(p.name for p in parts), ".", 4)
    735                    )
    736
    737                    if rest and this:
    738                        this = exp.Dot.build([this, *rest])  # type: ignore
    739
    740                    column = exp.Column(this=this, table=table, db=db, catalog=catalog)
    741                    column.meta["quoted_column"] = True
    742
    743            return column
    744
    745        @t.overload
    746        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[False]) -> exp.JSONObject: ...
    747
    748        @t.overload
    749        def _parse_json_object(self, agg: Lit[True]) -> exp.JSONObjectAgg: ...
    750
    751        def _parse_json_object(self, agg=False):
    752            json_object = super()._parse_json_object()
    753            array_kv_pair = seq_get(json_object.expressions, 0)
    754
    755            # Converts BQ's "signature 2" of JSON_OBJECT into SQLGlot's canonical representation
    756            # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/json_functions#json_object_signature2
    757            if (
    758                array_kv_pair
    759                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.this, exp.Array)
    760                and isinstance(array_kv_pair.expression, exp.Array)
    761            ):
    762                keys = array_kv_pair.this.expressions
    763                values = array_kv_pair.expression.expressions
    764
    765                json_object.set(
    766                    "expressions",
    767                    [exp.JSONKeyValue(this=k, expression=v) for k, v in zip(keys, values)],
    768                )
    769
    770            return json_object
    771
    772        def _parse_bracket(
    773            self, this: t.Optional[exp.Expression] = None
    774        ) -> t.Optional[exp.Expression]:
    775            bracket = super()._parse_bracket(this)
    776
    777            if this is bracket:
    778                return bracket
    779
    780            if isinstance(bracket, exp.Bracket):
    781                for expression in bracket.expressions:
    782                    name = expression.name.upper()
    783
    784                    if name not in self.BRACKET_OFFSETS:
    785                        break
    786
    787                    offset, safe = self.BRACKET_OFFSETS[name]
    788                    bracket.set("offset", offset)
    789                    bracket.set("safe", safe)
    790                    expression.replace(expression.expressions[0])
    791
    792            return bracket
    793
    794        def _parse_unnest(self, with_alias: bool = True) -> t.Optional[exp.Unnest]:
    795            unnest = super()._parse_unnest(with_alias=with_alias)
    796
    797            if not unnest:
    798                return None
    799
    800            unnest_expr = seq_get(unnest.expressions, 0)
    801            if unnest_expr:
    802                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    803
    804                unnest_expr = annotate_types(unnest_expr, dialect=self.dialect)
    805
    806                # Unnesting a nested array (i.e array of structs) explodes the top-level struct fields,
    807                # in contrast to other dialects such as DuckDB which flattens only the array by default
    808                if unnest_expr.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY) and any(
    809                    array_elem.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    810                    for array_elem in unnest_expr._type.expressions
    811                ):
    812                    unnest.set("explode_array", True)
    813
    814            return unnest
    815
    816        def _parse_make_interval(self) -> exp.MakeInterval:
    817            expr = exp.MakeInterval()
    818
    819            for arg_key in expr.arg_types:
    820                value = self._parse_lambda()
    821
    822                if not value:
    823                    break
    824
    825                # Non-named arguments are filled sequentially, (optionally) followed by named arguments
    826                # that can appear in any order e.g MAKE_INTERVAL(1, minute => 5, day => 2)
    827                if isinstance(value, exp.Kwarg):
    828                    arg_key = value.this.name
    829
    830                expr.set(arg_key, value)
    831
    832                self._match(TokenType.COMMA)
    833
    834            return expr
    835
    836        def _parse_features_at_time(self) -> exp.FeaturesAtTime:
    837            expr = self.expression(
    838                exp.FeaturesAtTime,
    839                this=(self._match(TokenType.TABLE) and self._parse_table())
    840                or self._parse_select(nested=True),
    841            )
    842
    843            while self._match(TokenType.COMMA):
    844                arg = self._parse_lambda()
    845
    846                # Get the LHS of the Kwarg and set the arg to that value, e.g
    847                # "num_rows => 1" sets the expr's `num_rows` arg
    848                if arg:
    849                    expr.set(arg.this.name, arg)
    850
    851            return expr
    852
    853        def _parse_export_data(self) -> exp.Export:
    854            self._match_text_seq("DATA")
    855
    856            return self.expression(
    857                exp.Export,
    858                connection=self._match_text_seq("WITH", "CONNECTION") and self._parse_table_parts(),
    859                options=self._parse_properties(),
    860                this=self._match_text_seq("AS") and self._parse_select(),
    861            )

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS = True
LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN = True
SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST = True
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Contains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <function _build_date>, 'DATE_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATETIME': <function _build_datetime>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <function _build_time>, 'TIME_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <function _build_timestamp>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <function build_date_delta_with_interval.<locals>._builder>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function _build_to_hex>, 'CONTAINS_SUBSTR': <function _build_contains_substring>, 'DIV': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'EDIT_DISTANCE': <function _build_levenshtein>, 'FORMAT_DATE': <function _build_format_time.<locals>._builder>, 'GENERATE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'JSON_QUERY': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_QUERY_ARRAY': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_VALUE': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_VALUE_ARRAY': <function _build_extract_json_with_default_path.<locals>._builder>, 'PARSE_DATE': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARSE_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_parse_timestamp>, 'REGEXP_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_SUBSTR': <function _build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'SHA256': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MICROS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_MILLIS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SECONDS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_JSON_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>>, 'FORMAT_DATETIME': <function _build_format_time.<locals>._builder>, 'FORMAT_TIMESTAMP': <function _build_format_time.<locals>._builder>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS = {<TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>: <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>}
NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS = {<TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>}
PROPERTY_PARSERS = {'ALLOWED_VALUES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ALGORITHM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BACKUP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'BLOCKCOMPRESSION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARSET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECKSUM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONTAINS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COPY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATABLOCKSIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATA_DELETION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFINER': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DETERMINISTIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTRIBUTED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DUPLICATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DYNAMIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DISTSTYLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EMPTY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENGINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXECUTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTERNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FALLBACK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FREESPACE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOBAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'HEAP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ICEBERG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IMMUTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INHERITS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JOURNAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LANGUAGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LAYOUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIFETIME': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCATION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOCKING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATERIALIZED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MERGEBLOCKRATIO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MODIFIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MULTISET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ORDER BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OUTPUT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITION BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RANGE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'READS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REMOTE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RETURNS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STREAMING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ROW_FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAMPLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SECURITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SETTINGS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHARING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SORTKEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SOURCE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STORED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SYSTEM_VERSIONING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TBLPROPERTIES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMP': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TEMPORARY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSIENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRANSFORM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'USING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNLOGGED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'VOLATILE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT DETERMINISTIC': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
CONSTRAINT_PARSERS = {'AUTOINCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CASESPECIFIC': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARACTER SET': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHECK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COLLATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COMPRESS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NONCLUSTERED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DEFAULT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ENCODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EPHEMERAL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXCLUDE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FORMAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATED': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'IDENTITY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INLINE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LIKE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NOT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NULL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PATH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PERIOD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'REFERENCES': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TITLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TTL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UNIQUE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPERCASE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WATERMARK': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'WITH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPTIONS': <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
RANGE_PARSERS = {<TokenType.AT_GT: 'AT_GT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.LT_AT: 'LT_AT'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>: <function binary_range_parser.<locals>._parse_binary_range>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>}
NULL_TOKENS = {<TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>}
DASHED_TABLE_PART_FOLLOW_TOKENS = {<TokenType.R_PAREN: 'R_PAREN'>, <TokenType.DOT: 'DOT'>, <TokenType.L_PAREN: 'L_PAREN'>}
STATEMENT_PARSERS = {<TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.SEMICOLON: 'SEMICOLON'>: <function Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>: <function BigQuery.Parser.<lambda>>}
BRACKET_OFFSETS = {'OFFSET': (0, False), 'ORDINAL': (1, False), 'SAFE_OFFSET': (0, True), 'SAFE_ORDINAL': (1, True)}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
  MODIFIABLES
  STRICT_CAST
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  parse_set_operation
  errors
  sql

class BigQuery.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

     863    class Generator(generator.Generator):
     864        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
     865        JOIN_HINTS = False
     866        QUERY_HINTS = False
     867        TABLE_HINTS = False
     868        LIMIT_FETCH = "LIMIT"
     869        RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
     870        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
     871        UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
     872        COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
     873        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
     874        SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
     875        UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
     876        JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ","
     877        NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
     878        IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
     879        JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
     880        CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
     881        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
     882        NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = "@"
     883        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
     884        WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = "OPTIONS"
     885        SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
     886        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
     887        SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS = True
     888
     889        TRANSFORMS = {
     890            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
     891            exp.ApproxDistinct: rename_func("APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT"),
     892            exp.ArgMax: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MAX_BY"),
     893            exp.ArgMin: arg_max_or_min_no_count("MIN_BY"),
     894            exp.Array: inline_array_unless_query,
     895            exp.ArrayContains: _array_contains_sql,
     896            exp.ArrayFilter: filter_array_using_unnest,
     897            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.remove_precision_parameterized_types]),
     898            exp.CollateProperty: lambda self, e: (
     899                f"DEFAULT COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     900                if e.args.get("default")
     901                else f"COLLATE {self.sql(e, 'this')}"
     902            ),
     903            exp.Commit: lambda *_: "COMMIT TRANSACTION",
     904            exp.CountIf: rename_func("COUNTIF"),
     905            exp.Create: _create_sql,
     906            exp.CTE: transforms.preprocess([_pushdown_cte_column_names]),
     907            exp.DateAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "ADD"),
     908            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
     909                "DATE_DIFF", e.this, e.expression, unit_to_var(e)
     910            ),
     911            exp.DateFromParts: rename_func("DATE"),
     912            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
     913            exp.DateSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATE", "SUB"),
     914            exp.DatetimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "ADD"),
     915            exp.DatetimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("DATETIME", "SUB"),
     916            exp.DateTrunc: lambda self, e: self.func(
     917                "DATE_TRUNC", e.this, e.text("unit"), e.args.get("zone")
     918            ),
     919            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self, e: self.func(
     920                "DATETIME", self.func("TIMESTAMP", e.this, e.args.get("zone")), "'UTC'"
     921            ),
     922            exp.GenerateSeries: rename_func("GENERATE_ARRAY"),
     923            exp.GroupConcat: lambda self, e: groupconcat_sql(
     924                self, e, func_name="STRING_AGG", within_group=False
     925            ),
     926            exp.Hex: lambda self, e: self.func("UPPER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.sql(e, "this"))),
     927            exp.HexString: lambda self, e: self.hexstring_sql(e, binary_function_repr="FROM_HEX"),
     928            exp.If: if_sql(false_value="NULL"),
     929            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
     930            exp.IntDiv: rename_func("DIV"),
     931            exp.Int64: rename_func("INT64"),
     932            exp.JSONExtract: _json_extract_sql,
     933            exp.JSONExtractArray: _json_extract_sql,
     934            exp.JSONExtractScalar: _json_extract_sql,
     935            exp.JSONFormat: rename_func("TO_JSON_STRING"),
     936            exp.Levenshtein: _levenshtein_sql,
     937            exp.Max: max_or_greatest,
     938            exp.MD5: lambda self, e: self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", e.this)),
     939            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
     940            exp.Min: min_or_least,
     941            exp.PartitionedByProperty: lambda self, e: f"PARTITION BY {self.sql(e, 'this')}",
     942            exp.RegexpExtract: lambda self, e: self.func(
     943                "REGEXP_EXTRACT",
     944                e.this,
     945                e.expression,
     946                e.args.get("position"),
     947                e.args.get("occurrence"),
     948            ),
     949            exp.RegexpExtractAll: lambda self, e: self.func(
     950                "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL", e.this, e.expression
     951            ),
     952            exp.RegexpReplace: regexp_replace_sql,
     953            exp.RegexpLike: rename_func("REGEXP_CONTAINS"),
     954            exp.ReturnsProperty: _returnsproperty_sql,
     955            exp.Rollback: lambda *_: "ROLLBACK TRANSACTION",
     956            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
     957                [
     958                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(),
     959                    transforms.unqualify_unnest,
     960                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
     961                    _alias_ordered_group,
     962                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
     963                ]
     964            ),
     965            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
     966            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
     967            exp.StabilityProperty: lambda self, e: (
     968                "DETERMINISTIC" if e.name == "IMMUTABLE" else "NOT DETERMINISTIC"
     969            ),
     970            exp.String: rename_func("STRING"),
     971            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: (
     972                strposition_sql(
     973                    self, e, func_name="INSTR", supports_position=True, supports_occurrence=True
     974                )
     975            ),
     976            exp.StrToDate: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     977            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_datetime_sql,
     978            exp.TimeAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "ADD"),
     979            exp.TimeFromParts: rename_func("TIME"),
     980            exp.TimestampFromParts: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     981            exp.TimeSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIME", "SUB"),
     982            exp.TimestampAdd: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "ADD"),
     983            exp.TimestampDiff: rename_func("TIMESTAMP_DIFF"),
     984            exp.TimestampSub: date_add_interval_sql("TIMESTAMP", "SUB"),
     985            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
     986            exp.Transaction: lambda *_: "BEGIN TRANSACTION",
     987            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
     988            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
     989            exp.TsOrDsToTime: rename_func("TIME"),
     990            exp.TsOrDsToDatetime: rename_func("DATETIME"),
     991            exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp: rename_func("TIMESTAMP"),
     992            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
     993            exp.UnixDate: rename_func("UNIX_DATE"),
     994            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
     995            exp.Uuid: lambda *_: "GENERATE_UUID()",
     996            exp.Values: _derived_table_values_to_unnest,
     997            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
     998            exp.SafeDivide: rename_func("SAFE_DIVIDE"),
     999        }
    1000
    1001        SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {
    1002            exp.JSONPathKey,
    1003            exp.JSONPathRoot,
    1004            exp.JSONPathSubscript,
    1005        }
    1006
    1007        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    1008            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    1009            exp.DataType.Type.BIGDECIMAL: "BIGNUMERIC",
    1010            exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT: "INT64",
    1011            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "BYTES",
    1012            exp.DataType.Type.BLOB: "BYTES",
    1013            exp.DataType.Type.BOOLEAN: "BOOL",
    1014            exp.DataType.Type.CHAR: "STRING",
    1015            exp.DataType.Type.DECIMAL: "NUMERIC",
    1016            exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE: "FLOAT64",
    1017            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "FLOAT64",
    1018            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INT64",
    1019            exp.DataType.Type.NCHAR: "STRING",
    1020            exp.DataType.Type.NVARCHAR: "STRING",
    1021            exp.DataType.Type.SMALLINT: "INT64",
    1022            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "STRING",
    1023            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP: "DATETIME",
    1024            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1025            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    1026            exp.DataType.Type.TINYINT: "INT64",
    1027            exp.DataType.Type.ROWVERSION: "BYTES",
    1028            exp.DataType.Type.UUID: "STRING",
    1029            exp.DataType.Type.VARBINARY: "BYTES",
    1030            exp.DataType.Type.VARCHAR: "STRING",
    1031            exp.DataType.Type.VARIANT: "ANY TYPE",
    1032        }
    1033
    1034        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    1035            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    1036            exp.PartitionedByProperty: exp.Properties.Location.POST_SCHEMA,
    1037            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    1038        }
    1039
    1040        # WINDOW comes after QUALIFY
    1041        # https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/query-syntax#window_clause
    1042        AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {
    1043            "qualify": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["qualify"],
    1044            "windows": generator.Generator.AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS["windows"],
    1045        }
    1046
    1047        # from: https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/reference/standard-sql/lexical#reserved_keywords
    1048        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    1049            "all",
    1050            "and",
    1051            "any",
    1052            "array",
    1053            "as",
    1054            "asc",
    1055            "assert_rows_modified",
    1056            "at",
    1057            "between",
    1058            "by",
    1059            "case",
    1060            "cast",
    1061            "collate",
    1062            "contains",
    1063            "create",
    1064            "cross",
    1065            "cube",
    1066            "current",
    1067            "default",
    1068            "define",
    1069            "desc",
    1070            "distinct",
    1071            "else",
    1072            "end",
    1073            "enum",
    1074            "escape",
    1075            "except",
    1076            "exclude",
    1077            "exists",
    1078            "extract",
    1079            "false",
    1080            "fetch",
    1081            "following",
    1082            "for",
    1083            "from",
    1084            "full",
    1085            "group",
    1086            "grouping",
    1087            "groups",
    1088            "hash",
    1089            "having",
    1090            "if",
    1091            "ignore",
    1092            "in",
    1093            "inner",
    1094            "intersect",
    1095            "interval",
    1096            "into",
    1097            "is",
    1098            "join",
    1099            "lateral",
    1100            "left",
    1101            "like",
    1102            "limit",
    1103            "lookup",
    1104            "merge",
    1105            "natural",
    1106            "new",
    1107            "no",
    1108            "not",
    1109            "null",
    1110            "nulls",
    1111            "of",
    1112            "on",
    1113            "or",
    1114            "order",
    1115            "outer",
    1116            "over",
    1117            "partition",
    1118            "preceding",
    1119            "proto",
    1120            "qualify",
    1121            "range",
    1122            "recursive",
    1123            "respect",
    1124            "right",
    1125            "rollup",
    1126            "rows",
    1127            "select",
    1128            "set",
    1129            "some",
    1130            "struct",
    1131            "tablesample",
    1132            "then",
    1133            "to",
    1134            "treat",
    1135            "true",
    1136            "unbounded",
    1137            "union",
    1138            "unnest",
    1139            "using",
    1140            "when",
    1141            "where",
    1142            "window",
    1143            "with",
    1144            "within",
    1145        }
    1146
    1147        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    1148            this = expression.this
    1149            expr = expression.expression
    1150            return self.func(
    1151                "MOD",
    1152                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    1153                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    1154            )
    1155
    1156        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    1157            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    1158                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    1159                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    1160                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    1161                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1162                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1163
    1164            return super().column_parts(expression)
    1165
    1166        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1167            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1168            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1169            #
    1170            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1171            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1172            #
    1173            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1174            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1175            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1176                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1177                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1178
    1179            return super().table_parts(expression)
    1180
    1181        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1182            this = expression.this
    1183            if isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToDatetime):
    1184                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1185            elif isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1186                func_name = "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP"
    1187            else:
    1188                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1189
    1190            time_expr = (
    1191                this
    1192                if isinstance(this, (exp.TsOrDsToDatetime, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1193                else expression
    1194            )
    1195            return self.func(
    1196                func_name, self.format_time(expression), time_expr.this, expression.args.get("zone")
    1197            )
    1198
    1199        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1200            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1201            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1202                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1203                    return "NULL"
    1204
    1205            return self.binary(expression, "=")
    1206
    1207        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1208            parent = expression.parent
    1209
    1210            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1211            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1212            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1213                return self.func(
    1214                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1215                )
    1216
    1217            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)
    1218
    1219        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1220            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")
    1221
    1222        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1223            this = expression.this
    1224            expressions = expression.expressions
    1225
    1226            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1227                arg = expressions[0]
    1228                if arg.type is None:
    1229                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1230
    1231                    arg = annotate_types(arg, dialect=self.dialect)
    1232
    1233                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1234                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1235                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1236
    1237            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1238            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1239
    1240            if offset == 0:
    1241                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1242            elif offset == 1:
    1243                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1244            elif offset is not None:
    1245                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1246
    1247            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1248                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1249
    1250            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"
    1251
    1252        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1253            return self.sql(expression)
    1254
    1255        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1256            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1257                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1258            return super().version_sql(expression)
    1259
    1260        def contains_sql(self, expression: exp.Contains) -> str:
    1261            this = expression.this
    1262            expr = expression.expression
    1263
    1264            if isinstance(this, exp.Lower) and isinstance(expr, exp.Lower):
    1265                this = this.this
    1266                expr = expr.this
    1267
    1268            return self.func("CONTAINS_SUBSTR", this, expr)
    1269
    1270        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1271            this = expression.this
    1272
    1273            # This ensures that inline type-annotated ARRAY literals like ARRAY<INT64>[1, 2, 3]
    1274            # are roundtripped unaffected. The inner check excludes ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions,
    1275            # because they aren't literals and so the above syntax is invalid BigQuery.
    1276            if isinstance(this, exp.Array):
    1277                elem = seq_get(this.expressions, 0)
    1278                if not (elem and elem.find(exp.Query)):
    1279                    return f"{self.sql(expression, 'to')}{self.sql(this)}"
    1280
    1281            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
LIMIT_FETCH = 'LIMIT'
RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB = False
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY = False
COLLATE_IS_FUNC = True
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS = False
UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS = False
JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP = ','
NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED = False
IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC = True
JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE = True
CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY = True
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN = '@'
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX = 'OPTIONS'
SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS = False
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS = True
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CredentialsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function _returnsproperty_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function arg_max_or_min_no_count.<locals>._arg_max_or_min_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function inline_array_unless_query>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function _array_contains_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>: <function filter_array_using_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Commit'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Create'>: <function _create_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CTE'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hex'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HexString'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function _json_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function _levenshtein_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function max_or_greatest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function min_or_least>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpReplace'>: <function regexp_replace_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rollback'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_datetime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function date_add_interval_sql.<locals>.func>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transaction'>: <function BigQuery.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Values'>: <function _derived_table_values_to_unnest>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'BYTES', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'BYTES', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>: 'BIGNUMERIC', <Type.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>: 'BOOL', <Type.CHAR: 'CHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>: 'NUMERIC', <Type.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'FLOAT64', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INT64', <Type.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'STRING', <Type.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>: 'DATETIME', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>: 'INT64', <Type.UUID: 'UUID'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>: 'BYTES', <Type.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>: 'STRING', <Type.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>: 'ANY TYPE'}
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'else', 'limit', 'enum', 'between', 'cast', 'using', 'partition', 'distinct', 'array', 'order', 'collate', 'following', 'preceding', 'union', 'except', 'escape', 'treat', 'having', 'cube', 'like', 'unnest', 'proto', 'range', 'struct', 'all', 'then', 'if', 'desc', 'respect', 'right', 'into', 'to', 'group', 'at', 'hash', 'lateral', 'unbounded', 'tablesample', 'not', 'cross', 'asc', 'window', 'where', 'recursive', 'no', 'nulls', 'false', 'select', 'join', 'inner', 'define', 'create', 'or', 'from', 'end', 'natural', 'intersect', 'extract', 'grouping', 'lookup', 'merge', 'of', 'by', 'outer', 'set', 'is', 'true', 'new', 'when', 'as', 'current', 'any', 'within', 'null', 'left', 'ignore', 'assert_rows_modified', 'rollup', 'in', 'fetch', 'with', 'case', 'default', 'and', 'exists', 'qualify', 'over', 'contains', 'for', 'on', 'exclude', 'rows', 'groups', 'interval', 'full', 'some'}
def mod_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Mod) -> str: View Source

    1147        def mod_sql(self, expression: exp.Mod) -> str:
    1148            this = expression.this
    1149            expr = expression.expression
    1150            return self.func(
    1151                "MOD",
    1152                this.unnest() if isinstance(this, exp.Paren) else this,
    1153                expr.unnest() if isinstance(expr, exp.Paren) else expr,
    1154            )

def column_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Column) -> str: View Source

    1156        def column_parts(self, expression: exp.Column) -> str:
    1157            if expression.meta.get("quoted_column"):
    1158                # If a column reference is of the form `dataset.table`.name, we need
    1159                # to preserve the quoted table path, otherwise the reference breaks
    1160                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts[:-1])
    1161                table_path = self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1162                return f"{table_path}.{self.sql(expression, 'this')}"
    1163
    1164            return super().column_parts(expression)

def table_parts(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Table) -> str: View Source

    1166        def table_parts(self, expression: exp.Table) -> str:
    1167            # Depending on the context, `x.y` may not resolve to the same data source as `x`.`y`, so
    1168            # we need to make sure the correct quoting is used in each case.
    1169            #
    1170            # For example, if there is a CTE x that clashes with a schema name, then the former will
    1171            # return the table y in that schema, whereas the latter will return the CTE's y column:
    1172            #
    1173            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x.y`   -> cross join
    1174            # - WITH x AS (SELECT [1, 2] AS y) SELECT * FROM x, `x`.`y` -> implicit unnest
    1175            if expression.meta.get("quoted_table"):
    1176                table_parts = ".".join(p.name for p in expression.parts)
    1177                return self.sql(exp.Identifier(this=table_parts, quoted=True))
    1178
    1179            return super().table_parts(expression)

def timetostr_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr) -> str: View Source

    1181        def timetostr_sql(self, expression: exp.TimeToStr) -> str:
    1182            this = expression.this
    1183            if isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToDatetime):
    1184                func_name = "FORMAT_DATETIME"
    1185            elif isinstance(this, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp):
    1186                func_name = "FORMAT_TIMESTAMP"
    1187            else:
    1188                func_name = "FORMAT_DATE"
    1189
    1190            time_expr = (
    1191                this
    1192                if isinstance(this, (exp.TsOrDsToDatetime, exp.TsOrDsToTimestamp, exp.TsOrDsToDate))
    1193                else expression
    1194            )
    1195            return self.func(
    1196                func_name, self.format_time(expression), time_expr.this, expression.args.get("zone")
    1197            )

def eq_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.EQ) -> str: View Source

    1199        def eq_sql(self, expression: exp.EQ) -> str:
    1200            # Operands of = cannot be NULL in BigQuery
    1201            if isinstance(expression.left, exp.Null) or isinstance(expression.right, exp.Null):
    1202                if not isinstance(expression.parent, exp.Update):
    1203                    return "NULL"
    1204
    1205            return self.binary(expression, "=")

def attimezone_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone) -> str: View Source

    1207        def attimezone_sql(self, expression: exp.AtTimeZone) -> str:
    1208            parent = expression.parent
    1209
    1210            # BigQuery allows CAST(.. AS {STRING|TIMESTAMP} [FORMAT <fmt> [AT TIME ZONE <tz>]]).
    1211            # Only the TIMESTAMP one should use the below conversion, when AT TIME ZONE is included.
    1212            if not isinstance(parent, exp.Cast) or not parent.to.is_type("text"):
    1213                return self.func(
    1214                    "TIMESTAMP", self.func("DATETIME", expression.this, expression.args.get("zone"))
    1215                )
    1216
    1217            return super().attimezone_sql(expression)

def trycast_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.TryCast) -> str: View Source

    1219        def trycast_sql(self, expression: exp.TryCast) -> str:
    1220            return self.cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix="SAFE_")

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    1222        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    1223            this = expression.this
    1224            expressions = expression.expressions
    1225
    1226            if len(expressions) == 1 and this and this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT):
    1227                arg = expressions[0]
    1228                if arg.type is None:
    1229                    from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    1230
    1231                    arg = annotate_types(arg, dialect=self.dialect)
    1232
    1233                if arg.type and arg.type.this in exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES:
    1234                    # BQ doesn't support bracket syntax with string values for structs
    1235                    return f"{self.sql(this)}.{arg.name}"
    1236
    1237            expressions_sql = self.expressions(expression, flat=True)
    1238            offset = expression.args.get("offset")
    1239
    1240            if offset == 0:
    1241                expressions_sql = f"OFFSET({expressions_sql})"
    1242            elif offset == 1:
    1243                expressions_sql = f"ORDINAL({expressions_sql})"
    1244            elif offset is not None:
    1245                self.unsupported(f"Unsupported array offset: {offset}")
    1246
    1247            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    1248                expressions_sql = f"SAFE_{expressions_sql}"
    1249
    1250            return f"{self.sql(this)}[{expressions_sql}]"

def in_unnest_op(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Unnest) -> str: View Source

    1252        def in_unnest_op(self, expression: exp.Unnest) -> str:
    1253            return self.sql(expression)

def version_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Version) -> str: View Source

    1255        def version_sql(self, expression: exp.Version) -> str:
    1256            if expression.name == "TIMESTAMP":
    1257                expression.set("this", "SYSTEM_TIME")
    1258            return super().version_sql(expression)

def contains_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Contains) -> str: View Source

    1260        def contains_sql(self, expression: exp.Contains) -> str:
    1261            this = expression.this
    1262            expr = expression.expression
    1263
    1264            if isinstance(this, exp.Lower) and isinstance(expr, exp.Lower):
    1265                this = this.this
    1266                expr = expr.this
    1267
    1268            return self.func("CONTAINS_SUBSTR", this, expr)

def cast_sql( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Cast, safe_prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> str: View Source

    1270        def cast_sql(self, expression: exp.Cast, safe_prefix: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    1271            this = expression.this
    1272
    1273            # This ensures that inline type-annotated ARRAY literals like ARRAY<INT64>[1, 2, 3]
    1274            # are roundtripped unaffected. The inner check excludes ARRAY(SELECT ...) expressions,
    1275            # because they aren't literals and so the above syntax is invalid BigQuery.
    1276            if isinstance(this, exp.Array):
    1277                elem = seq_get(this.expressions, 0)
    1278                if not (elem and elem.find(exp.Query)):
    1279                    return f"{self.sql(expression, 'to')}{self.sql(this)}"
    1280
    1281            return super().cast_sql(expression, safe_prefix=safe_prefix)

TRY_SUPPORTED = False
SUPPORTS_UESCAPE = False

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  IS_BOOL_ALLOWED
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE
  SELECT_KINDS
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA
  MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  STAR_EXCEPT
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_MEDIAN
  PARSE_JSON_NAME
  ARRAY_SIZE_NAME
  ALTER_SET_TYPE
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  STRUCT_DELIMITER
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  create_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  delete_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  limitoptions_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_sql
  tablefromrows_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  offset_limit_modifiers
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  interval_sql
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  transaction_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterindex_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  safedivide_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
  ilikeany_sql
  is_sql
  like_sql
  likeany_sql
  similarto_sql
  lt_sql
  lte_sql
  mul_sql
  neq_sql
  nullsafeeq_sql
  nullsafeneq_sql
  slice_sql
  sub_sql
  jsoncast_sql
  try_sql
  log_sql
  use_sql
  binary
  ceil_floor
  function_fallback_sql
  func
  format_args
  too_wide
  format_time
  expressions
  op_expressions
  naked_property
  tag_sql
  token_sql
  userdefinedfunction_sql
  joinhint_sql
  kwarg_sql
  when_sql
  whens_sql
  merge_sql
  tochar_sql
  tonumber_sql
  dictproperty_sql
  dictrange_sql
  dictsubproperty_sql
  duplicatekeyproperty_sql
  uniquekeyproperty_sql
  distributedbyproperty_sql
  oncluster_sql
  clusteredbyproperty_sql
  anyvalue_sql
  querytransform_sql
  indexconstraintoption_sql
  checkcolumnconstraint_sql
  indexcolumnconstraint_sql
  nvl2_sql
  comprehension_sql
  columnprefix_sql
  opclass_sql
  predict_sql
  forin_sql
  refresh_sql
  toarray_sql
  tsordstotime_sql
  tsordstotimestamp_sql
  tsordstodatetime_sql
  tsordstodate_sql
  unixdate_sql
  lastday_sql
  dateadd_sql
  arrayany_sql
  struct_sql
  partitionrange_sql
  truncatetable_sql
  convert_sql
  copyparameter_sql
  credentials_sql
  copy_sql
  semicolon_sql
  datadeletionproperty_sql
  maskingpolicycolumnconstraint_sql
  gapfill_sql
  scope_resolution
  scoperesolution_sql
  parsejson_sql
  rand_sql
  changes_sql
  pad_sql
  summarize_sql
  explodinggenerateseries_sql
  arrayconcat_sql
  converttimezone_sql
  json_sql
  jsonvalue_sql
  conditionalinsert_sql
  multitableinserts_sql
  oncondition_sql
  jsonextractquote_sql
  jsonexists_sql
  arrayagg_sql
  apply_sql
  grant_sql
  grantprivilege_sql
  grantprincipal_sql
  columns_sql
  overlay_sql
  todouble_sql
  string_sql
  median_sql
  overflowtruncatebehavior_sql
  unixseconds_sql
  arraysize_sql
  attach_sql
  detach_sql
  attachoption_sql
  featuresattime_sql
  watermarkcolumnconstraint_sql
  encodeproperty_sql
  includeproperty_sql
  xmlelement_sql
  partitionbyrangeproperty_sql
  partitionbyrangepropertydynamic_sql
  unpivotcolumns_sql
  analyzesample_sql
  analyzestatistics_sql
  analyzehistogram_sql
  analyzedelete_sql
  analyzelistchainedrows_sql
  analyzevalidate_sql
  analyze_sql
  xmltable_sql
  xmlnamespace_sql
  export_sql
  declare_sql
  declareitem_sql
  recursivewithsearch_sql
  parameterizedagg_sql
  anonymousaggfunc_sql
  combinedaggfunc_sql
  combinedparameterizedagg_sql
  show_sql
  put_sql