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# sqlglot.dialects.presto

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      1from __future__ import annotations
      2
      3import typing as t
      4
      5from sqlglot import exp, generator, parser, tokens, transforms
      6from sqlglot.dialects.dialect import (
      7    Dialect,
      8    NormalizationStrategy,
      9    binary_from_function,
     10    bool_xor_sql,
     11    date_trunc_to_time,
     12    datestrtodate_sql,
     13    encode_decode_sql,
     14    build_formatted_time,
     15    if_sql,
     16    left_to_substring_sql,
     17    no_ilike_sql,
     18    no_pivot_sql,
     19    no_timestamp_sql,
     20    regexp_extract_sql,
     21    rename_func,
     22    right_to_substring_sql,
     23    sha256_sql,
     24    strposition_sql,
     25    struct_extract_sql,
     26    timestamptrunc_sql,
     27    timestrtotime_sql,
     28    ts_or_ds_add_cast,
     29    unit_to_str,
     30    sequence_sql,
     31    build_regexp_extract,
     32    explode_to_unnest_sql,
     33)
     34from sqlglot.dialects.hive import Hive
     35from sqlglot.dialects.mysql import MySQL
     36from sqlglot.helper import apply_index_offset, seq_get
     37from sqlglot.optimizer.scope import find_all_in_scope
     38from sqlglot.tokens import TokenType
     39from sqlglot.transforms import unqualify_columns
     40from sqlglot.generator import unsupported_args
     41
     42DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = t.Union[exp.DateAdd, exp.TimestampAdd, exp.DateSub]
     43
     44
     45def _initcap_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Initcap) -> str:
     46    regex = r"(\w)(\w*)"
     47    return f"REGEXP_REPLACE({self.sql(expression, 'this')}, '{regex}', x -> UPPER(x[1]) || LOWER(x[2]))"
     48
     49
     50def _no_sort_array(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.SortArray) -> str:
     51    if expression.args.get("asc") == exp.false():
     52        comparator = "(a, b) -> CASE WHEN a < b THEN 1 WHEN a > b THEN -1 ELSE 0 END"
     53    else:
     54        comparator = None
     55    return self.func("ARRAY_SORT", expression.this, comparator)
     56
     57
     58def _schema_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Schema) -> str:
     59    if isinstance(expression.parent, exp.PartitionedByProperty):
     60        # Any columns in the ARRAY[] string literals should not be quoted
     61        expression.transform(lambda n: n.name if isinstance(n, exp.Identifier) else n, copy=False)
     62
     63        partition_exprs = [
     64            self.sql(c) if isinstance(c, (exp.Func, exp.Property)) else self.sql(c, "this")
     65            for c in expression.expressions
     66        ]
     67        return self.sql(exp.Array(expressions=[exp.Literal.string(c) for c in partition_exprs]))
     68
     69    if expression.parent:
     70        for schema in expression.parent.find_all(exp.Schema):
     71            if schema is expression:
     72                continue
     73
     74            column_defs = schema.find_all(exp.ColumnDef)
     75            if column_defs and isinstance(schema.parent, exp.Property):
     76                expression.expressions.extend(column_defs)
     77
     78    return self.schema_sql(expression)
     79
     80
     81def _quantile_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Quantile) -> str:
     82    self.unsupported("Presto does not support exact quantiles")
     83    return self.func("APPROX_PERCENTILE", expression.this, expression.args.get("quantile"))
     84
     85
     86def _str_to_time_sql(
     87    self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.StrToDate | exp.StrToTime | exp.TsOrDsToDate
     88) -> str:
     89    return self.func("DATE_PARSE", expression.this, self.format_time(expression))
     90
     91
     92def _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsToDate) -> str:
     93    time_format = self.format_time(expression)
     94    if time_format and time_format not in (Presto.TIME_FORMAT, Presto.DATE_FORMAT):
     95        return self.sql(exp.cast(_str_to_time_sql(self, expression), exp.DataType.Type.DATE))
     96    return self.sql(
     97        exp.cast(exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP), exp.DataType.Type.DATE)
     98    )
     99
    100
    101def _ts_or_ds_add_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsAdd) -> str:
    102    expression = ts_or_ds_add_cast(expression)
    103    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    104    return self.func("DATE_ADD", unit, expression.expression, expression.this)
    105
    106
    107def _ts_or_ds_diff_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.TsOrDsDiff) -> str:
    108    this = exp.cast(expression.this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    109    expr = exp.cast(expression.expression, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP)
    110    unit = unit_to_str(expression)
    111    return self.func("DATE_DIFF", unit, expr, this)
    112
    113
    114def _build_approx_percentile(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    115    if len(args) == 4:
    116        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    117            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    118            weight=seq_get(args, 1),
    119            quantile=seq_get(args, 2),
    120            accuracy=seq_get(args, 3),
    121        )
    122    if len(args) == 3:
    123        return exp.ApproxQuantile(
    124            this=seq_get(args, 0), quantile=seq_get(args, 1), accuracy=seq_get(args, 2)
    125        )
    126    return exp.ApproxQuantile.from_arg_list(args)
    127
    128
    129def _build_from_unixtime(args: t.List) -> exp.Expression:
    130    if len(args) == 3:
    131        return exp.UnixToTime(
    132            this=seq_get(args, 0),
    133            hours=seq_get(args, 1),
    134            minutes=seq_get(args, 2),
    135        )
    136    if len(args) == 2:
    137        return exp.UnixToTime(this=seq_get(args, 0), zone=seq_get(args, 1))
    138
    139    return exp.UnixToTime.from_arg_list(args)
    140
    141
    142def _first_last_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Func) -> str:
    143    """
    144    Trino doesn't support FIRST / LAST as functions, but they're valid in the context
    145    of MATCH_RECOGNIZE, so we need to preserve them in that case. In all other cases
    146    they're converted into an ARBITRARY call.
    147
    148    Reference: https://trino.io/docs/current/sql/match-recognize.html#logical-navigation-functions
    149    """
    150    if isinstance(expression.find_ancestor(exp.MatchRecognize, exp.Select), exp.MatchRecognize):
    151        return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    152
    153    return rename_func("ARBITRARY")(self, expression)
    154
    155
    156def _unix_to_time_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.UnixToTime) -> str:
    157    scale = expression.args.get("scale")
    158    timestamp = self.sql(expression, "this")
    159    if scale in (None, exp.UnixToTime.SECONDS):
    160        return rename_func("FROM_UNIXTIME")(self, expression)
    161
    162    return f"FROM_UNIXTIME(CAST({timestamp} AS DOUBLE) / POW(10, {scale}))"
    163
    164
    165def _to_int(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    166    if not expression.type:
    167        from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    168
    169        annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    170    if expression.type and expression.type.this not in exp.DataType.INTEGER_TYPES:
    171        return exp.cast(expression, to=exp.DataType.Type.BIGINT)
    172    return expression
    173
    174
    175def _build_to_char(args: t.List) -> exp.TimeToStr:
    176    fmt = seq_get(args, 1)
    177    if isinstance(fmt, exp.Literal):
    178        # We uppercase this to match Teradata's format mapping keys
    179        fmt.set("this", fmt.this.upper())
    180
    181    # We use "teradata" on purpose here, because the time formats are different in Presto.
    182    # See https://prestodb.io/docs/current/functions/teradata.html?highlight=to_char#to_char
    183    return build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "teradata")(args)
    184
    185
    186def _date_delta_sql(
    187    name: str, negate_interval: bool = False
    188) -> t.Callable[[Presto.Generator, DATE_ADD_OR_SUB], str]:
    189    def _delta_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: DATE_ADD_OR_SUB) -> str:
    190        interval = _to_int(self, expression.expression)
    191        return self.func(
    192            name,
    193            unit_to_str(expression),
    194            interval * (-1) if negate_interval else interval,
    195            expression.this,
    196        )
    197
    198    return _delta_sql
    199
    200
    201def _explode_to_unnest_sql(self: Presto.Generator, expression: exp.Lateral) -> str:
    202    explode = expression.this
    203    if isinstance(explode, exp.Explode):
    204        exploded_type = explode.this.type
    205        alias = expression.args.get("alias")
    206
    207        # This attempts a best-effort transpilation of LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE on a struct array
    208        if (
    209            isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
    210            and isinstance(exploded_type, exp.DataType)
    211            and exploded_type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.ARRAY)
    212            and exploded_type.expressions
    213            and exploded_type.expressions[0].is_type(exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT)
    214        ):
    215            # When unnesting a ROW in Presto, it produces N columns, so we need to fix the alias
    216            alias.set("columns", [c.this.copy() for c in exploded_type.expressions[0].expressions])
    217    elif isinstance(explode, exp.Inline):
    218        explode.replace(exp.Explode(this=explode.this.copy()))
    219
    220    return explode_to_unnest_sql(self, expression)
    221
    222
    223def amend_exploded_column_table(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    224    # We check for expression.type because the columns can be amended only if types were inferred
    225    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select) and expression.type:
    226        for lateral in expression.args.get("laterals") or []:
    227            alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    228            if (
    229                not isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode)
    230                or not isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
    231                or len(alias.columns) != 1
    232            ):
    233                continue
    234
    235            new_table = alias.this
    236            old_table = alias.columns[0].name.lower()
    237
    238            # When transpiling a LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE Spark query, the exploded fields may be qualified
    239            # with the struct column, resulting in invalid Presto references that need to be amended
    240            for column in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Column):
    241                if column.db.lower() == old_table:
    242                    column.set("table", column.args["db"].pop())
    243                elif column.table.lower() == old_table:
    244                    column.set("table", new_table.copy())
    245                elif column.name.lower() == old_table and isinstance(column.parent, exp.Dot):
    246                    column.parent.replace(exp.column(column.parent.expression, table=new_table))
    247
    248    return expression
    249
    250
    251class Presto(Dialect):
    252    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    253    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    254    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    255    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    256    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    257    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    258    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    259    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    260    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    261
    262    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    263
    264    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    265    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    266    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    267    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    268
    269    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    270    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    271    ANNOTATORS = {
    272        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    273        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    274        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    275        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    276        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    277        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    278        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    279        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    280        if e.this
    281        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    282    }
    283
    284    SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {
    285        *Dialect.SUPPORTED_SETTINGS,
    286        "variant_extract_is_json_extract",
    287    }
    288
    289    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    290        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    291        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    292            (prefix + q, q)
    293            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    294            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    295        ]
    296
    297        KEYWORDS = {
    298            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    299            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    300            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    301            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    302            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    303            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    304            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    305            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    306            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    307            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    308            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    309            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    310        }
    311        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    312        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    313
    314    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    315        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    316
    317        FUNCTIONS = {
    318            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    319            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    320            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    321            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    322            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    323            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    324            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    325            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    326            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    327            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    328            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    329                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    330            ),
    331            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    332                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    333            ),
    334            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    335            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    336            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    337            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    338            "DOW": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    339            "DOY": exp.DayOfYear.from_arg_list,
    340            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    341                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    342            ),
    343            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    344            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    345            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    346                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    347            ),
    348            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
    349                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
    350            ),
    351            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    352            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    353            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    354            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    355            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    356                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    357                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    358                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    359            ),
    360            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    361            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    362            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    363            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    364            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    365                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    366            ),
    367            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    368            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    369            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    370                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    371            ),
    372            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    373            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    374            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    375        }
    376
    377        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    378        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    379
    380    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    381        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    382        JOIN_HINTS = False
    383        TABLE_HINTS = False
    384        QUERY_HINTS = False
    385        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    386        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    387        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    388        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    389        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    390        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    391        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    392        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    393        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    394        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    395        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    396        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    397        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    398        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    399        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    400
    401        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    402            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    403            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    404            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    405        }
    406
    407        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    408            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    409            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    410            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    411            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    412            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    413            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    414            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    415            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    416            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    417            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    418            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    419            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    420            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    421        }
    422
    423        TRANSFORMS = {
    424            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    425            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    426            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    427            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    428            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    429            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    430            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    431            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    432            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    433            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    434            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    435            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    436            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    437            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    438                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    439            ),
    440            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    441            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    442            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    443                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    444            ),
    445            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    446            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    447            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    448            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    449            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    450            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    451            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    452                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    453            ),
    454            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    455            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    456            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    457            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    458            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    459            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    460            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    461            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    462            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    463            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    464            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    465            e: f"format={self.sql(exp.Literal.string(e.name))}",
    466            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    467            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    468            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    469            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    470            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    471            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    472            exp.If: if_sql(),
    473            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    474            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    475            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    476            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    477            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    478            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    479            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    480                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    481            ),
    482            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    483            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    484            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    485            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    486            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    487            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    488            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    489            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    490            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    491            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    492                [
    493                    transforms.eliminate_window_clause,
    494                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    495                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    496                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
    497                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    498                    amend_exploded_column_table,
    499                ]
    500            ),
    501            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    502            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    503            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    504            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    505            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    506            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    507            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    508            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    509            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    510            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    511            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    512            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    513            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    514                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    515            ),
    516            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    517            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    518            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    519            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    520            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    521            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    522            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    523            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    524            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    525            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    526            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    527            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    528            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    529            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    530            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    531            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    532            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    533            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    534                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    535            ),
    536            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    537            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    538            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    539            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    540        }
    541
    542        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    543            "alter",
    544            "and",
    545            "as",
    546            "between",
    547            "by",
    548            "case",
    549            "cast",
    550            "constraint",
    551            "create",
    552            "cross",
    553            "current_time",
    554            "current_timestamp",
    555            "deallocate",
    556            "delete",
    557            "describe",
    558            "distinct",
    559            "drop",
    560            "else",
    561            "end",
    562            "escape",
    563            "except",
    564            "execute",
    565            "exists",
    566            "extract",
    567            "false",
    568            "for",
    569            "from",
    570            "full",
    571            "group",
    572            "having",
    573            "in",
    574            "inner",
    575            "insert",
    576            "intersect",
    577            "into",
    578            "is",
    579            "join",
    580            "left",
    581            "like",
    582            "natural",
    583            "not",
    584            "null",
    585            "on",
    586            "or",
    587            "order",
    588            "outer",
    589            "prepare",
    590            "right",
    591            "select",
    592            "table",
    593            "then",
    594            "true",
    595            "union",
    596            "using",
    597            "values",
    598            "when",
    599            "where",
    600            "with",
    601        }
    602
    603        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    604            this = expression.this
    605            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    606
    607            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    608                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    609
    610                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    611
    612            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    613                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    614
    615            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    616
    617        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    618            this = expression.this
    619
    620            if not this.type:
    621                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    622
    623                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    624
    625            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    626                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    627
    628            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    629
    630        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    631            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    632            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    633            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    634            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    635            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    636            this = expression.this
    637            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    638            value_as_timestamp = (
    639                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    640            )
    641
    642            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    643
    644            formatted_value = self.func(
    645                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    646            )
    647            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    648                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    649                formatted_value,
    650                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    651            )
    652            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    653            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    654
    655        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    656            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    657                return self.func(
    658                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    659                    expression.this,
    660                    seq_get(
    661                        apply_index_offset(
    662                            expression.this,
    663                            expression.expressions,
    664                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    665                            dialect=self.dialect,
    666                        ),
    667                        0,
    668                    ),
    669                )
    670            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    671
    672        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    673            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    674
    675            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    676            values: t.List[str] = []
    677            schema: t.List[str] = []
    678            unknown_type = False
    679
    680            for e in expression.expressions:
    681                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    682                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    683                        unknown_type = True
    684                    else:
    685                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    686                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    687                else:
    688                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    689
    690            size = len(expression.expressions)
    691
    692            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    693                if unknown_type:
    694                    self.unsupported(
    695                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    696                    )
    697                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    698            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    699
    700        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    701            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    702                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    703            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    704
    705        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    706            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    707            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    708            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    709
    710        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    711            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    712        ) -> t.List[str]:
    713            return [
    714                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    715                self.sql(limit),
    716            ]
    717
    718        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    719            """
    720            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    721            so we need to remove them
    722            """
    723            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    724            schema = expression.this
    725            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    726                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    727            return super().create_sql(expression)
    728
    729        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    730            """
    731            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    732            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    733            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    734            """
    735            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    736            if len(tables) > 1:
    737                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    738
    739            table = tables[0]
    740            expression.set("this", table)
    741            expression.set("tables", None)
    742
    743            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    744                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    745                if table_alias:
    746                    table_alias.pop()
    747                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    748
    749            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    750
    751        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    752            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    753
    754            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    755            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    756            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    757                return self.func(
    758                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    759                )
    760
    761            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    762
    763            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    764            segments = []
    765            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    766                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    767                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    768                    self.unsupported(
    769                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    770                    )
    771                    continue
    772                key = path_key.this
    773                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    774                    key = f'"{key}"'
    775                segments.append(f".{key}")
    776
    777            expr = "".join(segments)
    778
    779            return f"{this}{expr}"
    780
    781        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    782            return self.func(
    783                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    784                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    785                expression.args.get("separator"),
    786            )

DATE_ADD_OR_SUB = typing.Union[sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd, sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd, sqlglot.expressions.DateSub]
def amend_exploded_column_table( expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression) -> sqlglot.expressions.Expression: View Source

    224def amend_exploded_column_table(expression: exp.Expression) -> exp.Expression:
    225    # We check for expression.type because the columns can be amended only if types were inferred
    226    if isinstance(expression, exp.Select) and expression.type:
    227        for lateral in expression.args.get("laterals") or []:
    228            alias = lateral.args.get("alias")
    229            if (
    230                not isinstance(lateral.this, exp.Explode)
    231                or not isinstance(alias, exp.TableAlias)
    232                or len(alias.columns) != 1
    233            ):
    234                continue
    235
    236            new_table = alias.this
    237            old_table = alias.columns[0].name.lower()
    238
    239            # When transpiling a LATERAL VIEW EXPLODE Spark query, the exploded fields may be qualified
    240            # with the struct column, resulting in invalid Presto references that need to be amended
    241            for column in find_all_in_scope(expression, exp.Column):
    242                if column.db.lower() == old_table:
    243                    column.set("table", column.args["db"].pop())
    244                elif column.table.lower() == old_table:
    245                    column.set("table", new_table.copy())
    246                elif column.name.lower() == old_table and isinstance(column.parent, exp.Dot):
    247                    column.parent.replace(exp.column(column.parent.expression, table=new_table))
    248
    249    return expression

class Presto(sqlglot.dialects.dialect.Dialect): View Source

    252class Presto(Dialect):
    253    INDEX_OFFSET = 1
    254    NULL_ORDERING = "nulls_are_last"
    255    TIME_FORMAT = MySQL.TIME_FORMAT
    256    STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True
    257    SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False
    258    TYPED_DIVISION = True
    259    TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True
    260    LOG_BASE_FIRST: t.Optional[bool] = None
    261    SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False
    262
    263    TIME_MAPPING = MySQL.TIME_MAPPING
    264
    265    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/17
    266    # https://github.com/trinodb/trino/issues/12289
    267    # https://github.com/prestodb/presto/issues/2863
    268    NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE
    269
    270    # The result of certain math functions in Presto/Trino is of type
    271    # equal to the input type e.g: FLOOR(5.5/2) -> DECIMAL, FLOOR(5/2) -> BIGINT
    272    ANNOTATORS = {
    273        **Dialect.ANNOTATORS,
    274        exp.Floor: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    275        exp.Ceil: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    276        exp.Mod: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this", "expression"),
    277        exp.Round: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    278        exp.Sign: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    279        exp.Abs: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this"),
    280        exp.Rand: lambda self, e: self._annotate_by_args(e, "this")
    281        if e.this
    282        else self._set_type(e, exp.DataType.Type.DOUBLE),
    283    }
    284
    285    SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {
    286        *Dialect.SUPPORTED_SETTINGS,
    287        "variant_extract_is_json_extract",
    288    }
    289
    290    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    291        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    292        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    293            (prefix + q, q)
    294            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    295            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    296        ]
    297
    298        KEYWORDS = {
    299            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    300            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    301            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    302            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    303            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    304            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    305            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    306            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    307            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    308            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    309            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    310            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    311        }
    312        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    313        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")
    314
    315    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    316        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    317
    318        FUNCTIONS = {
    319            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    320            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    321            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    322            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    323            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    324            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    325            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    326            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    327            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    328            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    329            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    330                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    331            ),
    332            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    333                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    334            ),
    335            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    336            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    337            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    338            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    339            "DOW": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    340            "DOY": exp.DayOfYear.from_arg_list,
    341            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    342                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    343            ),
    344            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    345            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    346            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    347                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    348            ),
    349            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
    350                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
    351            ),
    352            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    353            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    354            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    355            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    356            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    357                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    358                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    359                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    360            ),
    361            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    362            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    363            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    364            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    365            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    366                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    367            ),
    368            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    369            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    370            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    371                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    372            ),
    373            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    374            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    375            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    376        }
    377
    378        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    379        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")
    380
    381    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    382        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    383        JOIN_HINTS = False
    384        TABLE_HINTS = False
    385        QUERY_HINTS = False
    386        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    387        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    388        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    389        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    390        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    391        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    392        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    393        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    394        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    395        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    396        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    397        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    398        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    399        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    400        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    401
    402        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    403            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    404            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    405            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    406        }
    407
    408        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    409            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    410            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    411            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    412            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    413            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    414            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    415            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    416            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    417            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    418            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    419            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    420            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    421            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    422        }
    423
    424        TRANSFORMS = {
    425            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    426            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    427            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    428            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    429            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    430            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    431            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    432            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    433            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    434            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    435            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    436            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    437            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    438            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    439                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    440            ),
    441            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    442            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    443            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    444                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    445            ),
    446            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    447            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    448            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    449            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    450            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    451            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    452            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    453                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    454            ),
    455            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    456            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    457            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    458            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    459            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    460            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    461            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    462            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    463            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    464            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    465            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    466            e: f"format={self.sql(exp.Literal.string(e.name))}",
    467            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    468            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    469            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    470            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    471            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    472            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    473            exp.If: if_sql(),
    474            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    475            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    476            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    477            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    478            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    479            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    480            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    481                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    482            ),
    483            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    484            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    485            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    486            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    487            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    488            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    489            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    490            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    491            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    492            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    493                [
    494                    transforms.eliminate_window_clause,
    495                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    496                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    497                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
    498                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    499                    amend_exploded_column_table,
    500                ]
    501            ),
    502            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    503            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    504            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    505            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    506            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    507            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    508            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    509            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    510            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    511            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    512            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    513            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    514            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    515                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    516            ),
    517            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    518            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    519            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    520            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    521            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    522            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    523            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    524            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    525            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    526            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    527            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    528            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    529            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    530            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    531            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    532            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    533            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    534            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    535                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    536            ),
    537            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    538            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    539            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    540            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    541        }
    542
    543        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    544            "alter",
    545            "and",
    546            "as",
    547            "between",
    548            "by",
    549            "case",
    550            "cast",
    551            "constraint",
    552            "create",
    553            "cross",
    554            "current_time",
    555            "current_timestamp",
    556            "deallocate",
    557            "delete",
    558            "describe",
    559            "distinct",
    560            "drop",
    561            "else",
    562            "end",
    563            "escape",
    564            "except",
    565            "execute",
    566            "exists",
    567            "extract",
    568            "false",
    569            "for",
    570            "from",
    571            "full",
    572            "group",
    573            "having",
    574            "in",
    575            "inner",
    576            "insert",
    577            "intersect",
    578            "into",
    579            "is",
    580            "join",
    581            "left",
    582            "like",
    583            "natural",
    584            "not",
    585            "null",
    586            "on",
    587            "or",
    588            "order",
    589            "outer",
    590            "prepare",
    591            "right",
    592            "select",
    593            "table",
    594            "then",
    595            "true",
    596            "union",
    597            "using",
    598            "values",
    599            "when",
    600            "where",
    601            "with",
    602        }
    603
    604        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    605            this = expression.this
    606            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    607
    608            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    609                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    610
    611                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    612
    613            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    614                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    615
    616            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    617
    618        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    619            this = expression.this
    620
    621            if not this.type:
    622                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    623
    624                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    625
    626            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    627                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    628
    629            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    630
    631        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    632            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    633            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    634            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    635            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    636            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    637            this = expression.this
    638            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    639            value_as_timestamp = (
    640                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    641            )
    642
    643            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    644
    645            formatted_value = self.func(
    646                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    647            )
    648            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    649                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    650                formatted_value,
    651                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    652            )
    653            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    654            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    655
    656        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    657            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    658                return self.func(
    659                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    660                    expression.this,
    661                    seq_get(
    662                        apply_index_offset(
    663                            expression.this,
    664                            expression.expressions,
    665                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    666                            dialect=self.dialect,
    667                        ),
    668                        0,
    669                    ),
    670                )
    671            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    672
    673        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    674            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    675
    676            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    677            values: t.List[str] = []
    678            schema: t.List[str] = []
    679            unknown_type = False
    680
    681            for e in expression.expressions:
    682                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    683                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    684                        unknown_type = True
    685                    else:
    686                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    687                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    688                else:
    689                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    690
    691            size = len(expression.expressions)
    692
    693            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    694                if unknown_type:
    695                    self.unsupported(
    696                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    697                    )
    698                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    699            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    700
    701        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    702            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    703                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    704            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    705
    706        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    707            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    708            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    709            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    710
    711        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    712            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    713        ) -> t.List[str]:
    714            return [
    715                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    716                self.sql(limit),
    717            ]
    718
    719        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    720            """
    721            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    722            so we need to remove them
    723            """
    724            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    725            schema = expression.this
    726            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    727                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    728            return super().create_sql(expression)
    729
    730        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    731            """
    732            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    733            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    734            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    735            """
    736            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    737            if len(tables) > 1:
    738                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    739
    740            table = tables[0]
    741            expression.set("this", table)
    742            expression.set("tables", None)
    743
    744            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    745                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    746                if table_alias:
    747                    table_alias.pop()
    748                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    749
    750            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    751
    752        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    753            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    754
    755            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    756            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    757            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    758                return self.func(
    759                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    760                )
    761
    762            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    763
    764            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    765            segments = []
    766            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    767                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    768                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    769                    self.unsupported(
    770                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    771                    )
    772                    continue
    773                key = path_key.this
    774                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    775                    key = f'"{key}"'
    776                segments.append(f".{key}")
    777
    778            expr = "".join(segments)
    779
    780            return f"{this}{expr}"
    781
    782        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    783            return self.func(
    784                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    785                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    786                expression.args.get("separator"),
    787            )

INDEX_OFFSET = 1

The base index offset for arrays.

NULL_ORDERING = 'nulls_are_last'

Default `NULL` ordering method to use if not explicitly set. Possible values: `"nulls_are_small"`, `"nulls_are_large"`, `"nulls_are_last"`

TIME_FORMAT = "'%Y-%m-%d %T'"
STRICT_STRING_CONCAT = True

Whether `CONCAT`'s arguments must be strings.

SUPPORTS_SEMI_ANTI_JOIN = False

Whether `SEMI` or `ANTI` joins are supported.

TYPED_DIVISION = True

Whether the behavior of `a / b` depends on the types of `a` and `b`. False means `a / b` is always float division. True means `a / b` is integer division if both `a` and `b` are integers.

TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_PERCENT = True

Whether a size in the table sample clause represents percentage.

LOG_BASE_FIRST: Optional[bool] = None

Whether the base comes first in the `LOG` function. Possible values: `True`, `False`, `None` (two arguments are not supported by `LOG`)

SUPPORTS_VALUES_DEFAULT = False

Whether the DEFAULT keyword is supported in the VALUES clause.

TIME_MAPPING = {'%M': '%B', '%c': '%-m', '%e': '%-d', '%h': '%I', '%i': '%M', '%s': '%S', '%u': '%W', '%k': '%-H', '%l': '%-I', '%T': '%H:%M:%S', '%W': '%A'}

Associates this dialect's time formats with their equivalent Python `strftime` formats.

NORMALIZATION_STRATEGY = <NormalizationStrategy.CASE_INSENSITIVE: 'CASE_INSENSITIVE'>

Specifies the strategy according to which identifiers should be normalized.

ANNOTATORS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.Alias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Neg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Not'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Paren'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAlias'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Add'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Binary'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Connector'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DPipe'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distance'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Div'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Dot'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Escape'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Glob'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntDiv'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Is'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractScalar'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Kwarg'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LT'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LTE'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Like'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeAny'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mod'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Mul'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NullSafeNEQ'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlaps'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PropertyEQ'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SimilarTo'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Slice'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sub'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function Dialect.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.In'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Between'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Boolean'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Log'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConcatWs'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Concat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToTimeStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDateStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>: <function annotate_with_type_lambda.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Anonymous'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAgg'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Bracket'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Coalesce'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Count'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataType'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateTrunc'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Distinct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Filter'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Interval'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Literal'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Null'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unnest'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Dialect.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>: <function Presto.<lambda>>}
SUPPORTED_SETTINGS = {'variant_extract_is_json_extract', 'normalization_strategy', 'version'}
SUPPORTS_COLUMN_JOIN_MARKS = False

Whether the old-style outer join (+) syntax is supported.

tokenizer_class = <class 'Presto.Tokenizer'>
jsonpath_tokenizer_class = <class 'sqlglot.tokens.JSONPathTokenizer'>
parser_class = <class 'Presto.Parser'>
generator_class = <class 'Presto.Generator'>
TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'M': {0: True}, 'c': {0: True}, 'e': {0: True}, 'h': {0: True}, 'i': {0: True}, 's': {0: True}, 'u': {0: True}, 'k': {0: True}, 'l': {0: True}, 'T': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {'%B': '%M', '%-m': '%c', '%-d': '%e', '%I': '%h', '%M': '%i', '%S': '%s', '%W': '%u', '%-H': '%k', '%-I': '%l', '%H:%M:%S': '%T', '%A': '%W'}
INVERSE_TIME_TRIE: Dict = {'%': {'B': {0: True}, '-': {'m': {0: True}, 'd': {0: True}, 'H': {0: True}, 'I': {0: True}}, 'I': {0: True}, 'M': {0: True}, 'S': {0: True}, 'W': {0: True}, 'H': {':': {'%': {'M': {':': {'%': {'S': {0: True}}}}}}}, 'A': {0: True}}}
INVERSE_FORMAT_MAPPING: Dict[str, str] = {}
INVERSE_FORMAT_TRIE: Dict = {}
INVERSE_CREATABLE_KIND_MAPPING: dict[str, str] = {}
ESCAPED_SEQUENCES: Dict[str, str] = {}
QUOTE_START = "'"
QUOTE_END = "'"
IDENTIFIER_START = '"'
IDENTIFIER_END = '"'
BIT_START: Optional[str] = None
BIT_END: Optional[str] = None
HEX_START: Optional[str] = "x'"
HEX_END: Optional[str] = "'"
BYTE_START: Optional[str] = None
BYTE_END: Optional[str] = None
UNICODE_START: Optional[str] = "U&'"
UNICODE_END: Optional[str] = "'"
class Presto.Tokenizer(sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer): View Source

    290    class Tokenizer(tokens.Tokenizer):
    291        HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
    292        UNICODE_STRINGS = [
    293            (prefix + q, q)
    294            for q in t.cast(t.List[str], tokens.Tokenizer.QUOTES)
    295            for prefix in ("U&", "u&")
    296        ]
    297
    298        KEYWORDS = {
    299            **tokens.Tokenizer.KEYWORDS,
    300            "DEALLOCATE PREPARE": TokenType.COMMAND,
    301            "DESCRIBE INPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    302            "DESCRIBE OUTPUT": TokenType.COMMAND,
    303            "RESET SESSION": TokenType.COMMAND,
    304            "START": TokenType.BEGIN,
    305            "MATCH_RECOGNIZE": TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE,
    306            "ROW": TokenType.STRUCT,
    307            "IPADDRESS": TokenType.IPADDRESS,
    308            "IPPREFIX": TokenType.IPPREFIX,
    309            "TDIGEST": TokenType.TDIGEST,
    310            "HYPERLOGLOG": TokenType.HLLSKETCH,
    311        }
    312        KEYWORDS.pop("/*+")
    313        KEYWORDS.pop("QUALIFY")

HEX_STRINGS = [("x'", "'"), ("X'", "'")]
UNICODE_STRINGS = [("U&'", "'"), ("u&'", "'")]
KEYWORDS = {'{%': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{%-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '+%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-%}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '{{+': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '{{-': <TokenType.BLOCK_START: 'BLOCK_START'>, '+}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '-}}': <TokenType.BLOCK_END: 'BLOCK_END'>, '==': <TokenType.EQ: 'EQ'>, '::': <TokenType.DCOLON: 'DCOLON'>, '||': <TokenType.DPIPE: 'DPIPE'>, '>=': <TokenType.GTE: 'GTE'>, '<=': <TokenType.LTE: 'LTE'>, '<>': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, '!=': <TokenType.NEQ: 'NEQ'>, ':=': <TokenType.COLON_EQ: 'COLON_EQ'>, '<=>': <TokenType.NULLSAFE_EQ: 'NULLSAFE_EQ'>, '->': <TokenType.ARROW: 'ARROW'>, '->>': <TokenType.DARROW: 'DARROW'>, '=>': <TokenType.FARROW: 'FARROW'>, '#>': <TokenType.HASH_ARROW: 'HASH_ARROW'>, '#>>': <TokenType.DHASH_ARROW: 'DHASH_ARROW'>, '<->': <TokenType.LR_ARROW: 'LR_ARROW'>, '&&': <TokenType.DAMP: 'DAMP'>, '??': <TokenType.DQMARK: 'DQMARK'>, '~~~': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, '~~': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, '~~*': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, '~*': <TokenType.IRLIKE: 'IRLIKE'>, 'ALL': <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, 'ALWAYS': <TokenType.ALWAYS: 'ALWAYS'>, 'AND': <TokenType.AND: 'AND'>, 'ANTI': <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, 'ANY': <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, 'ASC': <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, 'AS': <TokenType.ALIAS: 'ALIAS'>, 'ASOF': <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, 'AUTOINCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'AUTO_INCREMENT': <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, 'BEGIN': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'BETWEEN': <TokenType.BETWEEN: 'BETWEEN'>, 'CACHE': <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, 'UNCACHE': <TokenType.UNCACHE: 'UNCACHE'>, 'CASE': <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, 'CHARACTER SET': <TokenType.CHARACTER_SET: 'CHARACTER_SET'>, 'CLUSTER BY': <TokenType.CLUSTER_BY: 'CLUSTER_BY'>, 'COLLATE': <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, 'COLUMN': <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, 'COMMIT': <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, 'CONNECT BY': <TokenType.CONNECT_BY: 'CONNECT_BY'>, 'CONSTRAINT': <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, 'COPY': <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, 'CREATE': <TokenType.CREATE: 'CREATE'>, 'CROSS': <TokenType.CROSS: 'CROSS'>, 'CUBE': <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, 'CURRENT_USER': <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, 'DATABASE': <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, 'DEFAULT': <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, 'DELETE': <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, 'DESC': <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, 'DESCRIBE': <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, 'DISTINCT': <TokenType.DISTINCT: 'DISTINCT'>, 'DISTRIBUTE BY': <TokenType.DISTRIBUTE_BY: 'DISTRIBUTE_BY'>, 'DIV': <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, 'DROP': <TokenType.DROP: 'DROP'>, 'ELSE': <TokenType.ELSE: 'ELSE'>, 'END': <TokenType.END: 'END'>, 'ENUM': <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, 'ESCAPE': <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, 'EXCEPT': <TokenType.EXCEPT: 'EXCEPT'>, 'EXECUTE': <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, 'EXISTS': <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, 'FALSE': <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, 'FETCH': <TokenType.FETCH: 'FETCH'>, 'FILTER': <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, 'FIRST': <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, 'FULL': <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, 'FUNCTION': <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, 'FOR': <TokenType.FOR: 'FOR'>, 'FOREIGN KEY': <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, 'FORMAT': <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, 'FROM': <TokenType.FROM: 'FROM'>, 'GEOGRAPHY': <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, 'GEOMETRY': <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, 'GLOB': <TokenType.GLOB: 'GLOB'>, 'GROUP BY': <TokenType.GROUP_BY: 'GROUP_BY'>, 'GROUPING SETS': <TokenType.GROUPING_SETS: 'GROUPING_SETS'>, 'HAVING': <TokenType.HAVING: 'HAVING'>, 'ILIKE': <TokenType.ILIKE: 'ILIKE'>, 'IN': <TokenType.IN: 'IN'>, 'INDEX': <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, 'INET': <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, 'INNER': <TokenType.INNER: 'INNER'>, 'INSERT': <TokenType.INSERT: 'INSERT'>, 'INTERVAL': <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, 'INTERSECT': <TokenType.INTERSECT: 'INTERSECT'>, 'INTO': <TokenType.INTO: 'INTO'>, 'IS': <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, 'ISNULL': <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, 'JOIN': <TokenType.JOIN: 'JOIN'>, 'KEEP': <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, 'KILL': <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, 'LATERAL': <TokenType.LATERAL: 'LATERAL'>, 'LEFT': <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, 'LIKE': <TokenType.LIKE: 'LIKE'>, 'LIMIT': <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, 'LOAD': <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, 'LOCK': <TokenType.LOCK: 'LOCK'>, 'MERGE': <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, 'NAMESPACE': <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, 'NATURAL': <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, 'NEXT': <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, 'NOT': <TokenType.NOT: 'NOT'>, 'NOTNULL': <TokenType.NOTNULL: 'NOTNULL'>, 'NULL': <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, 'OBJECT': <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, 'OFFSET': <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, 'ON': <TokenType.ON: 'ON'>, 'OR': <TokenType.OR: 'OR'>, 'XOR': <TokenType.XOR: 'XOR'>, 'ORDER BY': <TokenType.ORDER_BY: 'ORDER_BY'>, 'ORDINALITY': <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, 'OUTER': <TokenType.OUTER: 'OUTER'>, 'OVER': <TokenType.OVER: 'OVER'>, 'OVERLAPS': <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, 'OVERWRITE': <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, 'PARTITION': <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, 'PARTITION BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PARTITIONED_BY': <TokenType.PARTITION_BY: 'PARTITION_BY'>, 'PERCENT': <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, 'PIVOT': <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, 'PRAGMA': <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, 'PRIMARY KEY': <TokenType.PRIMARY_KEY: 'PRIMARY_KEY'>, 'PROCEDURE': <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, 'RANGE': <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, 'RECURSIVE': <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, 'REGEXP': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'RENAME': <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, 'REPLACE': <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, 'RETURNING': <TokenType.RETURNING: 'RETURNING'>, 'REFERENCES': <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, 'RIGHT': <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, 'RLIKE': <TokenType.RLIKE: 'RLIKE'>, 'ROLLBACK': <TokenType.ROLLBACK: 'ROLLBACK'>, 'ROLLUP': <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, 'ROW': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'ROWS': <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, 'SCHEMA': <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, 'SELECT': <TokenType.SELECT: 'SELECT'>, 'SEMI': <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, 'SET': <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, 'SETTINGS': <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, 'SHOW': <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, 'SIMILAR TO': <TokenType.SIMILAR_TO: 'SIMILAR_TO'>, 'SOME': <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, 'SORT BY': <TokenType.SORT_BY: 'SORT_BY'>, 'START WITH': <TokenType.START_WITH: 'START_WITH'>, 'STRAIGHT_JOIN': <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, 'TABLE': <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, 'TABLESAMPLE': <TokenType.TABLE_SAMPLE: 'TABLE_SAMPLE'>, 'TEMP': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'TEMPORARY': <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, 'THEN': <TokenType.THEN: 'THEN'>, 'TRUE': <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, 'TRUNCATE': <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, 'UNION': <TokenType.UNION: 'UNION'>, 'UNKNOWN': <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, 'UNNEST': <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, 'UNPIVOT': <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, 'UPDATE': <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, 'USE': <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, 'USING': <TokenType.USING: 'USING'>, 'UUID': <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, 'VALUES': <TokenType.VALUES: 'VALUES'>, 'VIEW': <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, 'VOLATILE': <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, 'WHEN': <TokenType.WHEN: 'WHEN'>, 'WHERE': <TokenType.WHERE: 'WHERE'>, 'WINDOW': <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, 'WITH': <TokenType.WITH: 'WITH'>, 'APPLY': <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, 'ARRAY': <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, 'BIT': <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, 'BOOL': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BOOLEAN': <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, 'BYTE': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'MEDIUMINT': <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, 'INT1': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'TINYINT': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'INT16': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SHORT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'SMALLINT': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'HUGEINT': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'UHUGEINT': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'INT2': <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, 'INTEGER': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT4': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT32': <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, 'INT64': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT128': <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, 'INT256': <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, 'LONG': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'BIGINT': <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, 'INT8': <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, 'UINT': <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, 'UINT128': <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, 'UINT256': <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, 'DEC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'DECIMAL32': <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, 'DECIMAL64': <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, 'DECIMAL128': <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, 'DECIMAL256': <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, 'BIGDECIMAL': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'BIGNUMERIC': <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, 'LIST': <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, 'MAP': <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, 'NULLABLE': <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, 'NUMBER': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'NUMERIC': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'FIXED': <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, 'REAL': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT4': <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, 'FLOAT8': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'DOUBLE PRECISION': <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, 'JSON': <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, 'JSONB': <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, 'CHAR': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHARACTER': <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, 'CHAR VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'CHARACTER VARYING': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NCHAR': <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'VARCHAR2': <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'NVARCHAR2': <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, 'BPCHAR': <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, 'STR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'STRING': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'TEXT': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGTEXT': <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, 'MEDIUMTEXT': <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, 'TINYTEXT': <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, 'CLOB': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'LONGVARCHAR': <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, 'BINARY': <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, 'BLOB': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'LONGBLOB': <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, 'MEDIUMBLOB': <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, 'TINYBLOB': <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, 'BYTEA': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'VARBINARY': <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, 'TIME': <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, 'TIMETZ': <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, 'TIMESTAMPTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPLTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_LTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMPNTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'TIMESTAMP_NTZ': <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, 'DATE': <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, 'DATETIME': <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, 'INT4RANGE': <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, 'INT4MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, 'INT8RANGE': <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, 'INT8MULTIRANGE': <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, 'NUMRANGE': <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, 'NUMMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSRANGE': <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, 'TSMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, 'TSTZRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, 'TSTZMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, 'DATERANGE': <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, 'DATEMULTIRANGE': <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, 'UNIQUE': <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, 'VECTOR': <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, 'STRUCT': <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, 'SEQUENCE': <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, 'VARIANT': <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, 'ALTER': <TokenType.ALTER: 'ALTER'>, 'ANALYZE': <TokenType.ANALYZE: 'ANALYZE'>, 'CALL': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'COMMENT': <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, 'EXPLAIN': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'GRANT': <TokenType.GRANT: 'GRANT'>, 'OPTIMIZE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'VACUUM': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'USER-DEFINED': <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, 'FOR VERSION': <TokenType.VERSION_SNAPSHOT: 'VERSION_SNAPSHOT'>, 'FOR TIMESTAMP': <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT: 'TIMESTAMP_SNAPSHOT'>, 'DEALLOCATE PREPARE': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE INPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'DESCRIBE OUTPUT': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'RESET SESSION': <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, 'START': <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE': <TokenType.MATCH_RECOGNIZE: 'MATCH_RECOGNIZE'>, 'IPADDRESS': <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, 'IPPREFIX': <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, 'TDIGEST': <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, 'HYPERLOGLOG': <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.tokens.Tokenizer
  Tokenizer
  SINGLE_TOKENS
  BIT_STRINGS
  BYTE_STRINGS
  RAW_STRINGS
  HEREDOC_STRINGS
  IDENTIFIERS
  QUOTES
  STRING_ESCAPES
  VAR_SINGLE_TOKENS
  IDENTIFIER_ESCAPES
  HEREDOC_TAG_IS_IDENTIFIER
  HEREDOC_STRING_ALTERNATIVE
  STRING_ESCAPES_ALLOWED_IN_RAW_STRINGS
  NESTED_COMMENTS
  HINT_START
  TOKENS_PRECEDING_HINT
  WHITE_SPACE
  COMMANDS
  COMMAND_PREFIX_TOKENS
  NUMERIC_LITERALS
  COMMENTS
  dialect
  use_rs_tokenizer
  reset
  tokenize
  tokenize_rs
  size
  sql
  tokens

class Presto.Parser(sqlglot.parser.Parser): View Source

    315    class Parser(parser.Parser):
    316        VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
    317
    318        FUNCTIONS = {
    319            **parser.Parser.FUNCTIONS,
    320            "ARBITRARY": exp.AnyValue.from_arg_list,
    321            "APPROX_DISTINCT": exp.ApproxDistinct.from_arg_list,
    322            "APPROX_PERCENTILE": _build_approx_percentile,
    323            "BITWISE_AND": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseAnd),
    324            "BITWISE_NOT": lambda args: exp.BitwiseNot(this=seq_get(args, 0)),
    325            "BITWISE_OR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseOr),
    326            "BITWISE_XOR": binary_from_function(exp.BitwiseXor),
    327            "CARDINALITY": exp.ArraySize.from_arg_list,
    328            "CONTAINS": exp.ArrayContains.from_arg_list,
    329            "DATE_ADD": lambda args: exp.DateAdd(
    330                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    331            ),
    332            "DATE_DIFF": lambda args: exp.DateDiff(
    333                this=seq_get(args, 2), expression=seq_get(args, 1), unit=seq_get(args, 0)
    334            ),
    335            "DATE_FORMAT": build_formatted_time(exp.TimeToStr, "presto"),
    336            "DATE_PARSE": build_formatted_time(exp.StrToTime, "presto"),
    337            "DATE_TRUNC": date_trunc_to_time,
    338            "DAY_OF_WEEK": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    339            "DOW": exp.DayOfWeekIso.from_arg_list,
    340            "DOY": exp.DayOfYear.from_arg_list,
    341            "ELEMENT_AT": lambda args: exp.Bracket(
    342                this=seq_get(args, 0), expressions=[seq_get(args, 1)], offset=1, safe=True
    343            ),
    344            "FROM_HEX": exp.Unhex.from_arg_list,
    345            "FROM_UNIXTIME": _build_from_unixtime,
    346            "FROM_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Decode(
    347                this=seq_get(args, 0), replace=seq_get(args, 1), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    348            ),
    349            "JSON_FORMAT": lambda args: exp.JSONFormat(
    350                this=seq_get(args, 0), options=seq_get(args, 1), is_json=True
    351            ),
    352            "LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE": exp.Levenshtein.from_arg_list,
    353            "NOW": exp.CurrentTimestamp.from_arg_list,
    354            "REGEXP_EXTRACT": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtract),
    355            "REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL": build_regexp_extract(exp.RegexpExtractAll),
    356            "REGEXP_REPLACE": lambda args: exp.RegexpReplace(
    357                this=seq_get(args, 0),
    358                expression=seq_get(args, 1),
    359                replacement=seq_get(args, 2) or exp.Literal.string(""),
    360            ),
    361            "ROW": exp.Struct.from_arg_list,
    362            "SEQUENCE": exp.GenerateSeries.from_arg_list,
    363            "SET_AGG": exp.ArrayUniqueAgg.from_arg_list,
    364            "SPLIT_TO_MAP": exp.StrToMap.from_arg_list,
    365            "STRPOS": lambda args: exp.StrPosition(
    366                this=seq_get(args, 0), substr=seq_get(args, 1), occurrence=seq_get(args, 2)
    367            ),
    368            "TO_CHAR": _build_to_char,
    369            "TO_UNIXTIME": exp.TimeToUnix.from_arg_list,
    370            "TO_UTF8": lambda args: exp.Encode(
    371                this=seq_get(args, 0), charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8")
    372            ),
    373            "MD5": exp.MD5Digest.from_arg_list,
    374            "SHA256": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(256)),
    375            "SHA512": lambda args: exp.SHA2(this=seq_get(args, 0), length=exp.Literal.number(512)),
    376        }
    377
    378        FUNCTION_PARSERS = parser.Parser.FUNCTION_PARSERS.copy()
    379        FUNCTION_PARSERS.pop("TRIM")

Parser consumes a list of tokens produced by the Tokenizer and produces a parsed syntax tree.

###### Arguments:

- error_level: The desired error level. Default: ErrorLevel.IMMEDIATE
- error_message_context: The amount of context to capture from a query string when displaying the error message (in number of characters). Default: 100
- max_errors: Maximum number of error messages to include in a raised ParseError. This is only relevant if error_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3

VALUES_FOLLOWED_BY_PAREN = False
FUNCTIONS = {'ABS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Abs'>>, 'ADD_MONTHS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AddMonths'>>, 'AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.And'>>, 'ANONYMOUS_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnonymousAggFunc'>>, 'ANY_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPLY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Apply'>>, 'APPROX_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_COUNT_DISTINCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxDistinct'>>, 'APPROX_QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>>, 'APPROX_TOP_K': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxTopK'>>, 'ARG_MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARGMAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'MAX_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>>, 'ARG_MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARGMIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'MIN_BY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>>, 'ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'ARRAY_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAll'>>, 'ARRAY_ANY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>>, 'ARRAY_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>>, 'ARRAY_CONSTRUCT_COMPACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConstructCompact'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'ARRAY_CONTAINS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'ARRAY_HAS_ALL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>>, 'FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_FILTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayFilter'>>, 'ARRAY_OVERLAPS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>>, 'ARRAY_SIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'ARRAY_SORT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySort'>>, 'ARRAY_SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySum'>>, 'ARRAY_TO_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_JOIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>>, 'ARRAY_UNION_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUnionAgg'>>, 'ARRAY_UNIQUE_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'AVG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Avg'>>, 'CASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Case'>>, 'CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>>, 'CAST_TO_STR_TYPE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CastToStrType'>>, 'CBRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cbrt'>>, 'CEIL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CEILING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>>, 'CHR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHAR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COALESCE': <function build_coalesce>, 'IFNULL': <function build_coalesce>, 'NVL': <function build_coalesce>, 'COLLATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Collate'>>, 'COLUMNS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Columns'>>, 'COMBINED_AGG_FUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedAggFunc'>>, 'COMBINED_PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CombinedParameterizedAgg'>>, 'CONCAT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONCAT_WS': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONNECT_BY_ROOT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>>, 'CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>>, 'CONVERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Convert'>>, 'CONVERT_TIMEZONE': <function build_convert_timezone>, 'CONVERT_TO_CHARSET': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConvertToCharset'>>, 'CORR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Corr'>>, 'COUNT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'COUNT_IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COUNTIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CountIf'>>, 'COVAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarPop'>>, 'COVAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CovarSamp'>>, 'CURRENT_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDate'>>, 'CURRENT_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentDatetime'>>, 'CURRENT_SCHEMA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentSchema'>>, 'CURRENT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>>, 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'CURRENT_USER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>>, 'DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Date'>>, 'DATE_ADD': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_BIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateBin'>>, 'DATEDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>>, 'DATE_DIFF': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFromParts'>>, 'DATE_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>>, 'DATE_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>>, 'DATE_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DATE_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>>, 'DATE_TRUNC': <function date_trunc_to_time>, 'DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Datetime'>>, 'DATETIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeAdd'>>, 'DATETIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeDiff'>>, 'DATETIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeSub'>>, 'DATETIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DatetimeTrunc'>>, 'DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Day'>>, 'DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAYOFMONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfMonth'>>, 'DAY_OF_WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>>, 'DAYOFWEEK_ISO': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'ISODOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DAY_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DAYOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'DECODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>>, 'DI_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>>, 'ENCODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>>, 'EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exists'>>, 'EXP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Exp'>>, 'EXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Explode'>>, 'EXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodeOuter'>>, 'EXPLODING_GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExplodingGenerateSeries'>>, 'EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Extract'>>, 'FEATURES_AT_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FeaturesAtTime'>>, 'FIRST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>>, 'FIRST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FirstValue'>>, 'FLATTEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Flatten'>>, 'FLOOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>>, 'FROM_BASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase'>>, 'FROM_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromBase64'>>, 'FROM_ISO8601_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromISO8601Timestamp'>>, 'GAP_FILL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GapFill'>>, 'GENERATE_DATE_ARRAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GENERATE_SERIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'GENERATE_TIMESTAMP_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateTimestampArray'>>, 'GREATEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Greatest'>>, 'GROUP_CONCAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat'>>, 'HEX': <function build_hex>, 'HLL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Hll'>>, 'IF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'IIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>>, 'INITCAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>>, 'INLINE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Inline'>>, 'INT64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>>, 'IS_ASCII': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsAscii'>>, 'IS_INF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'ISINF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsInf'>>, 'IS_NAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'ISNAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsNan'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArray'>>, 'J_S_O_N_ARRAY_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayAgg'>>, 'JSON_ARRAY_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONArrayContains'>>, 'JSONB_CONTAINS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBContains'>>, 'JSONB_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExists'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtract'>>, 'JSONB_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBExtractScalar'>>, 'J_S_O_N_B_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONBObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONCast'>>, 'J_S_O_N_EXISTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExists'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtractArray'>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_SCALAR': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'JSON_FORMAT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObject'>>, 'J_S_O_N_OBJECT_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONObjectAgg'>>, 'J_S_O_N_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONTable'>>, 'J_S_O_N_VALUE_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONValueArray'>>, 'LAG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lag'>>, 'LAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>>, 'LAST_DAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>>, 'LAST_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastValue'>>, 'LEAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lead'>>, 'LEAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Least'>>, 'LEFT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>>, 'LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHAR_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'CHARACTER_LENGTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Length'>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'LIST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.List'>>, 'LN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ln'>>, 'LOG': <function build_logarithm>, 'LOGICAL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOL_AND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'BOOLAND_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>>, 'LOGICAL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOL_OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'BOOLOR_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>>, 'LOWER': <function build_lower>, 'LCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lower'>>, 'LOWER_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LowerHex'>>, 'MD5': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MD5_DIGEST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>>, 'MAKE_INTERVAL': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MakeInterval'>>, 'MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Map'>>, 'MAP_FROM_ENTRIES': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MapFromEntries'>>, 'MATCH_AGAINST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MatchAgainst'>>, 'MAX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Max'>>, 'MEDIAN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Median'>>, 'MIN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Min'>>, 'MONTH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Month'>>, 'MONTHS_BETWEEN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MonthsBetween'>>, 'NEXT_VALUE_FOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NextValueFor'>>, 'NORMALIZE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Normalize'>>, 'NTH_VALUE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NthValue'>>, 'NULLIF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nullif'>>, 'NUMBER_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NumberToStr'>>, 'NVL2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Nvl2'>>, 'OBJECT_INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ObjectInsert'>>, 'OPEN_J_S_O_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OpenJSON'>>, 'OR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Or'>>, 'OVERLAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Overlay'>>, 'PAD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pad'>>, 'PARAMETERIZED_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParameterizedAgg'>>, 'PARSE_JSON': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'JSON_PARSE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ParseJSON'>>, 'PERCENTILE_CONT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileCont'>>, 'PERCENTILE_DISC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PercentileDisc'>>, 'POSEXPLODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Posexplode'>>, 'POSEXPLODE_OUTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PosexplodeOuter'>>, 'POWER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'POW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pow'>>, 'PREDICT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Predict'>>, 'QUANTILE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>>, 'QUARTER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quarter'>>, 'RAND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDOM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Rand'>>, 'RANDN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Randn'>>, 'RANGE_N': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RangeN'>>, 'READ_CSV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReadCSV'>>, 'REDUCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Reduce'>>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_EXTRACT_ALL': <function build_regexp_extract.<locals>._builder>, 'REGEXP_I_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpILike'>>, 'REGEXP_LIKE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpLike'>>, 'REGEXP_REPLACE': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'REGEXP_SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpSplit'>>, 'REPEAT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Repeat'>>, 'RIGHT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>>, 'ROUND': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Round'>>, 'ROW_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowNumber'>>, 'SHA': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA1': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>>, 'SHA2': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>>, 'SAFE_DIVIDE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SafeDivide'>>, 'SIGN': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SIGNUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sign'>>, 'SORT_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>>, 'SPLIT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Split'>>, 'SPLIT_PART': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SplitPart'>>, 'SQRT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sqrt'>>, 'STANDARD_HASH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StandardHash'>>, 'STAR_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StarMap'>>, 'STARTS_WITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STARTSWITH': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StartsWith'>>, 'STDDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDEV': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stddev'>>, 'STDDEV_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevPop'>>, 'STDDEV_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StddevSamp'>>, 'STR_POSITION': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>>, 'STR_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>>, 'STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix'>>, 'STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.String'>>, 'STRING_TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'SPLIT_BY_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StringToArray'>>, 'STRUCT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'STRUCT_EXTRACT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>>, 'STUFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'INSERT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stuff'>>, 'SUBSTRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUBSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Substring'>>, 'SUM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Sum'>>, 'TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Time'>>, 'TIME_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeAdd'>>, 'TIME_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeDiff'>>, 'TIME_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIMEFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeFromParts'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>>, 'TIME_STR_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>>, 'TIME_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeSub'>>, 'TIME_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>>, 'TIME_TO_TIME_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TIME_TO_UNIX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TIME_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeTrunc'>>, 'TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>>, 'TIMESTAMPDIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampDiff'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_FROM_PARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMPFROMPARTS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampFromParts'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_SUB': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampSub'>>, 'TIMESTAMP_TRUNC': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>>, 'TO_ARRAY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToArray'>>, 'TO_BASE64': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToBase64'>>, 'TO_CHAR': <function _build_to_char>, 'TO_DAYS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDays'>>, 'TO_DOUBLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToDouble'>>, 'TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>>, 'TO_NUMBER': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToNumber'>>, 'TRANSFORM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Transform'>>, 'TRIM': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Trim'>>, 'TRY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Try'>>, 'TRY_CAST': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>>, 'TS_OR_DI_TO_DI': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_ADD': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_DIFF': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATE_STR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_DATETIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDatetime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTime'>>, 'TS_OR_DS_TO_TIMESTAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToTimestamp'>>, 'UNHEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'UNICODE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unicode'>>, 'UNIX_DATE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixDate'>>, 'UNIX_SECONDS': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixSeconds'>>, 'UNIX_TO_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>>, 'UNIX_TO_TIME_STR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>>, 'UNNEST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'UPPER': <function build_upper>, 'UCASE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Upper'>>, 'UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GEN_RANDOM_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'GENERATE_UUID': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'UUID_STRING': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>>, 'VAR_MAP': <function build_var_map>, 'VARIANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VAR_SAMP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Variance'>>, 'VARIANCE_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'VAR_POP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>>, 'WEEK': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Week'>>, 'WEEK_OF_YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'WEEKOFYEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WeekOfYear'>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLElement'>>, 'X_M_L_TABLE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.XMLTable'>>, 'XOR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>>, 'YEAR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Year'>>, 'ARRAYAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GLOB': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_EXTRACT_PATH_TEXT': <function build_extract_json_with_path.<locals>._builder>, 'LIKE': <function build_like>, 'LOG2': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LOG10': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEFTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'LTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MOD': <function build_mod>, 'RIGHTPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RPAD': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'RTRIM': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SCOPE_RESOLUTION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRPOS': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'CHARINDEX': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'INSTR': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>>, 'LOCATE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TO_HEX': <function build_hex>, 'ARBITRARY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>>, 'APPROX_PERCENTILE': <function _build_approx_percentile>, 'BITWISE_AND': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_NOT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_OR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'BITWISE_XOR': <function binary_from_function.<locals>.<lambda>>, 'CARDINALITY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArraySize'>>, 'DATE_FORMAT': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DATE_PARSE': <function build_formatted_time.<locals>._builder>, 'DOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>>, 'DOY': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfYear'>>, 'ELEMENT_AT': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'FROM_HEX': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>>, 'FROM_UNIXTIME': <function _build_from_unixtime>, 'FROM_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>>, 'NOW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>>, 'ROW': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Struct'>>, 'SEQUENCE': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>>, 'SET_AGG': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>>, 'SPLIT_TO_MAP': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>>, 'TO_UNIXTIME': <bound method Func.from_arg_list of <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>>, 'TO_UTF8': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA256': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>, 'SHA512': <function Presto.Parser.<lambda>>}
FUNCTION_PARSERS = {'ARG_MAX': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'ARGMAX': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'MAX_BY': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'ARG_MIN': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'ARGMIN': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'MIN_BY': <function Parser.<dictcomp>.<lambda>>, 'CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CEIL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'DECODE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'EXTRACT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'FLOOR': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'GAP_FILL': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_OBJECTAGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'JSON_TABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'MATCH': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'NORMALIZE': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OPENJSON': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'OVERLAY': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'POSITION': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'PREDICT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SAFE_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'STRING_AGG': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'SUBSTRING': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CAST': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'TRY_CONVERT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLELEMENT': <function Parser.<lambda>>, 'XMLTABLE': <function Parser.<lambda>>}
ID_VAR_TOKENS = {<TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.GET: 'GET'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.RIGHT: 'RIGHT'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.WINDOW: 'WINDOW'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.NATURAL: 'NATURAL'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.LEFT: 'LEFT'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.VOID: 'VOID'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NOTHING: 'NOTHING'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.APPLY: 'APPLY'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.ASOF: 'ASOF'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.FULL: 'FULL'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>}
TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS = {<TokenType.FINAL: 'FINAL'>, <TokenType.WAREHOUSE: 'WAREHOUSE'>, <TokenType.UBIGINT: 'UBIGINT'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL32: 'DECIMAL32'>, <TokenType.DESCRIBE: 'DESCRIBE'>, <TokenType.INT4MULTIRANGE: 'INT4MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.RANGE: 'RANGE'>, <TokenType.VARBINARY: 'VARBINARY'>, <TokenType.GET: 'GET'>, <TokenType.INT4RANGE: 'INT4RANGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_USER: 'CURRENT_USER'>, <TokenType.IS: 'IS'>, <TokenType.OBJECT_IDENTIFIER: 'OBJECT_IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.CASE: 'CASE'>, <TokenType.MULTILINESTRING: 'MULTILINESTRING'>, <TokenType.USMALLINT: 'USMALLINT'>, <TokenType.ARRAY: 'ARRAY'>, <TokenType.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>, <TokenType.FILTER: 'FILTER'>, <TokenType.SMALLMONEY: 'SMALLMONEY'>, <TokenType.XML: 'XML'>, <TokenType.ASC: 'ASC'>, <TokenType.DYNAMIC: 'DYNAMIC'>, <TokenType.EXISTS: 'EXISTS'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPLTZ: 'TIMESTAMPLTZ'>, <TokenType.CONSTRAINT: 'CONSTRAINT'>, <TokenType.IPADDRESS: 'IPADDRESS'>, <TokenType.USE: 'USE'>, <TokenType.BIGSERIAL: 'BIGSERIAL'>, <TokenType.UUID: 'UUID'>, <TokenType.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>, <TokenType.COMMENT: 'COMMENT'>, <TokenType.INT8RANGE: 'INT8RANGE'>, <TokenType.SMALLINT: 'SMALLINT'>, <TokenType.UNKNOWN: 'UNKNOWN'>, <TokenType.COMMIT: 'COMMIT'>, <TokenType.TDIGEST: 'TDIGEST'>, <TokenType.KILL: 'KILL'>, <TokenType.AUTO_INCREMENT: 'AUTO_INCREMENT'>, <TokenType.DATABASE: 'DATABASE'>, <TokenType.NUMRANGE: 'NUMRANGE'>, <TokenType.HSTORE: 'HSTORE'>, <TokenType.EXECUTE: 'EXECUTE'>, <TokenType.SOME: 'SOME'>, <TokenType.PARTITION: 'PARTITION'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMINT: 'MEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NULL: 'NULL'>, <TokenType.DATEMULTIRANGE: 'DATEMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_NS: 'TIMESTAMP_NS'>, <TokenType.LIMIT: 'LIMIT'>, <TokenType.RING: 'RING'>, <TokenType.ORDINALITY: 'ORDINALITY'>, <TokenType.DIV: 'DIV'>, <TokenType.DATERANGE: 'DATERANGE'>, <TokenType.COMMAND: 'COMMAND'>, <TokenType.BIGDECIMAL: 'BIGDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.TSTZRANGE: 'TSTZRANGE'>, <TokenType.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>, <TokenType.TEMPORARY: 'TEMPORARY'>, <TokenType.LINESTRING: 'LINESTRING'>, <TokenType.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>, <TokenType.PUT: 'PUT'>, <TokenType.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>, <TokenType.MAP: 'MAP'>, <TokenType.VAR: 'VAR'>, <TokenType.COPY: 'COPY'>, <TokenType.DEFAULT: 'DEFAULT'>, <TokenType.ROW: 'ROW'>, <TokenType.BLOB: 'BLOB'>, <TokenType.ENUM8: 'ENUM8'>, <TokenType.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>, <TokenType.BEGIN: 'BEGIN'>, <TokenType.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_S: 'TIMESTAMP_S'>, <TokenType.POLYGON: 'POLYGON'>, <TokenType.SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'SIMPLEAGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.TRUNCATE: 'TRUNCATE'>, <TokenType.FIRST: 'FIRST'>, <TokenType.TSRANGE: 'TSRANGE'>, <TokenType.INT8MULTIRANGE: 'INT8MULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.ENUM16: 'ENUM16'>, <TokenType.UINT256: 'UINT256'>, <TokenType.GEOGRAPHY: 'GEOGRAPHY'>, <TokenType.ANTI: 'ANTI'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>, <TokenType.INTERVAL: 'INTERVAL'>, <TokenType.UINT128: 'UINT128'>, <TokenType.LIST: 'LIST'>, <TokenType.UNIQUE: 'UNIQUE'>, <TokenType.OVERWRITE: 'OVERWRITE'>, <TokenType.TINYINT: 'TINYINT'>, <TokenType.TOP: 'TOP'>, <TokenType.NAME: 'NAME'>, <TokenType.SETTINGS: 'SETTINGS'>, <TokenType.GEOMETRY: 'GEOMETRY'>, <TokenType.BOOLEAN: 'BOOLEAN'>, <TokenType.VOLATILE: 'VOLATILE'>, <TokenType.SET: 'SET'>, <TokenType.NAMESPACE: 'NAMESPACE'>, <TokenType.JSON: 'JSON'>, <TokenType.KEEP: 'KEEP'>, <TokenType.OPERATOR: 'OPERATOR'>, <TokenType.UINT: 'UINT'>, <TokenType.VOID: 'VOID'>, <TokenType.REFERENCES: 'REFERENCES'>, <TokenType.COLLATE: 'COLLATE'>, <TokenType.IDENTIFIER: 'IDENTIFIER'>, <TokenType.STAGE: 'STAGE'>, <TokenType.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>, <TokenType.TIME: 'TIME'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIME: 'CURRENT_TIME'>, <TokenType.INET: 'INET'>, <TokenType.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>, <TokenType.JSONB: 'JSONB'>, <TokenType.INDEX: 'INDEX'>, <TokenType.BIT: 'BIT'>, <TokenType.BINARY: 'BINARY'>, <TokenType.INT128: 'INT128'>, <TokenType.IPPREFIX: 'IPPREFIX'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_SCHEMA: 'CURRENT_SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.DELETE: 'DELETE'>, <TokenType.CHAR: 'CHAR'>, <TokenType.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>, <TokenType.IPV6: 'IPV6'>, <TokenType.PROCEDURE: 'PROCEDURE'>, <TokenType.SUPER: 'SUPER'>, <TokenType.STREAMLIT: 'STREAMLIT'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP: 'TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.OVERLAPS: 'OVERLAPS'>, <TokenType.IMAGE: 'IMAGE'>, <TokenType.UPDATE: 'UPDATE'>, <TokenType.UMEDIUMINT: 'UMEDIUMINT'>, <TokenType.NOTHING: 'NOTHING'>, <TokenType.NUMMULTIRANGE: 'NUMMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UDOUBLE: 'UDOUBLE'>, <TokenType.RECURSIVE: 'RECURSIVE'>, <TokenType.SOURCE: 'SOURCE'>, <TokenType.AGGREGATEFUNCTION: 'AGGREGATEFUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DATE: 'DATE'>, <TokenType.IPV4: 'IPV4'>, <TokenType.REPLACE: 'REPLACE'>, <TokenType.PSEUDO_TYPE: 'PSEUDO_TYPE'>, <TokenType.INT: 'INT'>, <TokenType.FOREIGN_KEY: 'FOREIGN_KEY'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>, <TokenType.USERDEFINED: 'USERDEFINED'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_TIMESTAMP: 'CURRENT_TIMESTAMP'>, <TokenType.SERIAL: 'SERIAL'>, <TokenType.ENUM: 'ENUM'>, <TokenType.UTINYINT: 'UTINYINT'>, <TokenType.ESCAPE: 'ESCAPE'>, <TokenType.VECTOR: 'VECTOR'>, <TokenType.UNPIVOT: 'UNPIVOT'>, <TokenType.DICTIONARY: 'DICTIONARY'>, <TokenType.MULTIPOLYGON: 'MULTIPOLYGON'>, <TokenType.EXPORT: 'EXPORT'>, <TokenType.PIVOT: 'PIVOT'>, <TokenType.UNNEST: 'UNNEST'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL256: 'DECIMAL256'>, <TokenType.TSMULTIRANGE: 'TSMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.NESTED: 'NESTED'>, <TokenType.FIXEDSTRING: 'FIXEDSTRING'>, <TokenType.POINT: 'POINT'>, <TokenType.DATE32: 'DATE32'>, <TokenType.NEXT: 'NEXT'>, <TokenType.TSTZMULTIRANGE: 'TSTZMULTIRANGE'>, <TokenType.UDECIMAL: 'UDECIMAL'>, <TokenType.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>, <TokenType.ROLLUP: 'ROLLUP'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL64: 'DECIMAL64'>, <TokenType.PERCENT: 'PERCENT'>, <TokenType.ALL: 'ALL'>, <TokenType.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>, <TokenType.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>, <TokenType.TABLE: 'TABLE'>, <TokenType.ANY: 'ANY'>, <TokenType.VARCHAR: 'VARCHAR'>, <TokenType.YEAR: 'YEAR'>, <TokenType.OFFSET: 'OFFSET'>, <TokenType.SEQUENCE: 'SEQUENCE'>, <TokenType.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>, <TokenType.TEXT: 'TEXT'>, <TokenType.FORMAT: 'FORMAT'>, <TokenType.MONEY: 'MONEY'>, <TokenType.CUBE: 'CUBE'>, <TokenType.ATTACH: 'ATTACH'>, <TokenType.ISNULL: 'ISNULL'>, <TokenType.SCHEMA: 'SCHEMA'>, <TokenType.LOWCARDINALITY: 'LOWCARDINALITY'>, <TokenType.SEMI: 'SEMI'>, <TokenType.PRAGMA: 'PRAGMA'>, <TokenType.FUNCTION: 'FUNCTION'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL: 'DECIMAL'>, <TokenType.RENAME: 'RENAME'>, <TokenType.SINK: 'SINK'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATE: 'CURRENT_DATE'>, <TokenType.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>, <TokenType.STRAIGHT_JOIN: 'STRAIGHT_JOIN'>, <TokenType.CURRENT_DATETIME: 'CURRENT_DATETIME'>, <TokenType.LOAD: 'LOAD'>, <TokenType.FALSE: 'FALSE'>, <TokenType.INT256: 'INT256'>, <TokenType.FILE_FORMAT: 'FILE_FORMAT'>, <TokenType.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>, <TokenType.NULLABLE: 'NULLABLE'>, <TokenType.VIEW: 'VIEW'>, <TokenType.DECIMAL128: 'DECIMAL128'>, <TokenType.TIMESTAMP_MS: 'TIMESTAMP_MS'>, <TokenType.MERGE: 'MERGE'>, <TokenType.REFRESH: 'REFRESH'>, <TokenType.DESC: 'DESC'>, <TokenType.OBJECT: 'OBJECT'>, <TokenType.SHOW: 'SHOW'>, <TokenType.STORAGE_INTEGRATION: 'STORAGE_INTEGRATION'>, <TokenType.CACHE: 'CACHE'>, <TokenType.DOUBLE: 'DOUBLE'>, <TokenType.END: 'END'>, <TokenType.TRUE: 'TRUE'>, <TokenType.COLUMN: 'COLUMN'>, <TokenType.SMALLSERIAL: 'SMALLSERIAL'>, <TokenType.MODEL: 'MODEL'>, <TokenType.BPCHAR: 'BPCHAR'>, <TokenType.VARIANT: 'VARIANT'>, <TokenType.DETACH: 'DETACH'>, <TokenType.BIGINT: 'BIGINT'>, <TokenType.ROWS: 'ROWS'>, <TokenType.TAG: 'TAG'>}
SHOW_TRIE: Dict = {}
SET_TRIE: Dict = {'GLOBAL': {0: True}, 'LOCAL': {0: True}, 'SESSION': {0: True}, 'TRANSACTION': {0: True}}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.parser.Parser
  Parser
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTIONS
  STRUCT_TYPE_TOKENS
  NESTED_TYPE_TOKENS
  ENUM_TYPE_TOKENS
  AGGREGATE_TYPE_TOKENS
  TYPE_TOKENS
  SIGNED_TO_UNSIGNED_TYPE_TOKEN
  SUBQUERY_PREDICATES
  RESERVED_TOKENS
  DB_CREATABLES
  CREATABLES
  ALTERABLES
  ALIAS_TOKENS
  COLON_PLACEHOLDER_TOKENS
  ARRAY_CONSTRUCTORS
  COMMENT_TABLE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  UPDATE_ALIAS_TOKENS
  TRIM_TYPES
  FUNC_TOKENS
  CONJUNCTION
  ASSIGNMENT
  DISJUNCTION
  EQUALITY
  COMPARISON
  BITWISE
  TERM
  FACTOR
  EXPONENT
  TIMES
  TIMESTAMPS
  SET_OPERATIONS
  JOIN_METHODS
  JOIN_SIDES
  JOIN_KINDS
  JOIN_HINTS
  LAMBDAS
  COLUMN_OPERATORS
  EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  STATEMENT_PARSERS
  UNARY_PARSERS
  STRING_PARSERS
  NUMERIC_PARSERS
  PRIMARY_PARSERS
  PLACEHOLDER_PARSERS
  RANGE_PARSERS
  PROPERTY_PARSERS
  CONSTRAINT_PARSERS
  ALTER_PARSERS
  ALTER_ALTER_PARSERS
  SCHEMA_UNNAMED_CONSTRAINTS
  NO_PAREN_FUNCTION_PARSERS
  INVALID_FUNC_NAME_TOKENS
  FUNCTIONS_WITH_ALIASED_ARGS
  KEY_VALUE_DEFINITIONS
  QUERY_MODIFIER_PARSERS
  SET_PARSERS
  SHOW_PARSERS
  TYPE_LITERAL_PARSERS
  TYPE_CONVERTERS
  DDL_SELECT_TOKENS
  PRE_VOLATILE_TOKENS
  TRANSACTION_KIND
  TRANSACTION_CHARACTERISTICS
  CONFLICT_ACTIONS
  CREATE_SEQUENCE
  ISOLATED_LOADING_OPTIONS
  USABLES
  CAST_ACTIONS
  SCHEMA_BINDING_OPTIONS
  PROCEDURE_OPTIONS
  EXECUTE_AS_OPTIONS
  KEY_CONSTRAINT_OPTIONS
  WINDOW_EXCLUDE_OPTIONS
  INSERT_ALTERNATIVES
  CLONE_KEYWORDS
  HISTORICAL_DATA_PREFIX
  HISTORICAL_DATA_KIND
  OPCLASS_FOLLOW_KEYWORDS
  OPTYPE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  TABLE_INDEX_HINT_TOKENS
  VIEW_ATTRIBUTES
  WINDOW_ALIAS_TOKENS
  WINDOW_BEFORE_PAREN_TOKENS
  WINDOW_SIDES
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_SEPARATOR_TOKENS
  FETCH_TOKENS
  ADD_CONSTRAINT_TOKENS
  DISTINCT_TOKENS
  NULL_TOKENS
  UNNEST_OFFSET_ALIAS_TOKENS
  SELECT_START_TOKENS
  COPY_INTO_VARLEN_OPTIONS
  IS_JSON_PREDICATE_KIND
  ODBC_DATETIME_LITERALS
  ON_CONDITION_TOKENS
  PRIVILEGE_FOLLOW_TOKENS
  DESCRIBE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_STYLES
  ANALYZE_EXPRESSION_PARSERS
  PARTITION_KEYWORDS
  AMBIGUOUS_ALIAS_TOKENS
  OPERATION_MODIFIERS
  RECURSIVE_CTE_SEARCH_KIND
  MODIFIABLES
  STRICT_CAST
  PREFIXED_PIVOT_COLUMNS
  IDENTIFY_PIVOT_STRINGS
  LOG_DEFAULTS_TO_LN
  ALTER_TABLE_ADD_REQUIRED_FOR_EACH_COLUMN
  TABLESAMPLE_CSV
  DEFAULT_SAMPLING_METHOD
  SET_REQUIRES_ASSIGNMENT_DELIMITER
  TRIM_PATTERN_FIRST
  STRING_ALIASES
  MODIFIERS_ATTACHED_TO_SET_OP
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  NO_PAREN_IF_COMMANDS
  JSON_ARROWS_REQUIRE_JSON_TYPE
  COLON_IS_VARIANT_EXTRACT
  SUPPORTS_IMPLICIT_UNNEST
  INTERVAL_SPANS
  SUPPORTS_PARTITION_SELECTION
  WRAPPED_TRANSFORM_COLUMN_CONSTRAINT
  OPTIONAL_ALIAS_TOKEN_CTE
  error_level
  error_message_context
  max_errors
  dialect
  reset
  parse
  parse_into
  check_errors
  raise_error
  expression
  validate_expression
  parse_set_operation
  errors
  sql

class Presto.Generator(sqlglot.generator.Generator): View Source

    381    class Generator(generator.Generator):
    382        INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
    383        JOIN_HINTS = False
    384        TABLE_HINTS = False
    385        QUERY_HINTS = False
    386        IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
    387        TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
    388        NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
    389        STRUCT_DELIMITER = ("(", ")")
    390        LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
    391        SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
    392        LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
    393        MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
    394        SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
    395        HEX_FUNC = "TO_HEX"
    396        PARSE_JSON_NAME = "JSON_PARSE"
    397        PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
    398        EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
    399        SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
    400        ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = "CARDINALITY"
    401
    402        PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {
    403            **generator.Generator.PROPERTIES_LOCATION,
    404            exp.LocationProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    405            exp.VolatileProperty: exp.Properties.Location.UNSUPPORTED,
    406        }
    407
    408        TYPE_MAPPING = {
    409            **generator.Generator.TYPE_MAPPING,
    410            exp.DataType.Type.BINARY: "VARBINARY",
    411            exp.DataType.Type.BIT: "BOOLEAN",
    412            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME: "TIMESTAMP",
    413            exp.DataType.Type.DATETIME64: "TIMESTAMP",
    414            exp.DataType.Type.FLOAT: "REAL",
    415            exp.DataType.Type.HLLSKETCH: "HYPERLOGLOG",
    416            exp.DataType.Type.INT: "INTEGER",
    417            exp.DataType.Type.STRUCT: "ROW",
    418            exp.DataType.Type.TEXT: "VARCHAR",
    419            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    420            exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: "TIMESTAMP",
    421            exp.DataType.Type.TIMETZ: "TIME",
    422        }
    423
    424        TRANSFORMS = {
    425            **generator.Generator.TRANSFORMS,
    426            exp.AnyValue: rename_func("ARBITRARY"),
    427            exp.ApproxQuantile: rename_func("APPROX_PERCENTILE"),
    428            exp.ArgMax: rename_func("MAX_BY"),
    429            exp.ArgMin: rename_func("MIN_BY"),
    430            exp.Array: lambda self, e: f"ARRAY[{self.expressions(e, flat=True)}]",
    431            exp.ArrayAny: rename_func("ANY_MATCH"),
    432            exp.ArrayConcat: rename_func("CONCAT"),
    433            exp.ArrayContains: rename_func("CONTAINS"),
    434            exp.ArrayToString: rename_func("ARRAY_JOIN"),
    435            exp.ArrayUniqueAgg: rename_func("SET_AGG"),
    436            exp.AtTimeZone: rename_func("AT_TIMEZONE"),
    437            exp.BitwiseAnd: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_AND", e.this, e.expression),
    438            exp.BitwiseLeftShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    439                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_LEFT", e.this, e.expression
    440            ),
    441            exp.BitwiseNot: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_NOT", e.this),
    442            exp.BitwiseOr: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_OR", e.this, e.expression),
    443            exp.BitwiseRightShift: lambda self, e: self.func(
    444                "BITWISE_ARITHMETIC_SHIFT_RIGHT", e.this, e.expression
    445            ),
    446            exp.BitwiseXor: lambda self, e: self.func("BITWISE_XOR", e.this, e.expression),
    447            exp.Cast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    448            exp.CurrentTime: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIME",
    449            exp.CurrentTimestamp: lambda *_: "CURRENT_TIMESTAMP",
    450            exp.CurrentUser: lambda *_: "CURRENT_USER",
    451            exp.DateAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    452            exp.DateDiff: lambda self, e: self.func(
    453                "DATE_DIFF", unit_to_str(e), e.expression, e.this
    454            ),
    455            exp.DateStrToDate: datestrtodate_sql,
    456            exp.DateToDi: lambda self,
    457            e: f"CAST(DATE_FORMAT({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS INT)",
    458            exp.DateSub: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD", negate_interval=True),
    459            exp.DayOfWeek: lambda self, e: f"(({self.func('DAY_OF_WEEK', e.this)} % 7) + 1)",
    460            exp.DayOfWeekIso: rename_func("DAY_OF_WEEK"),
    461            exp.Decode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "FROM_UTF8"),
    462            exp.DiToDate: lambda self,
    463            e: f"CAST(DATE_PARSE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), {Presto.DATEINT_FORMAT}) AS DATE)",
    464            exp.Encode: lambda self, e: encode_decode_sql(self, e, "TO_UTF8"),
    465            exp.FileFormatProperty: lambda self,
    466            e: f"format={self.sql(exp.Literal.string(e.name))}",
    467            exp.First: _first_last_sql,
    468            exp.FromTimeZone: lambda self,
    469            e: f"WITH_TIMEZONE({self.sql(e, 'this')}, {self.sql(e, 'zone')}) AT TIME ZONE 'UTC'",
    470            exp.GenerateSeries: sequence_sql,
    471            exp.GenerateDateArray: sequence_sql,
    472            exp.Group: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unalias_group]),
    473            exp.If: if_sql(),
    474            exp.ILike: no_ilike_sql,
    475            exp.Initcap: _initcap_sql,
    476            exp.Last: _first_last_sql,
    477            exp.LastDay: lambda self, e: self.func("LAST_DAY_OF_MONTH", e.this),
    478            exp.Lateral: _explode_to_unnest_sql,
    479            exp.Left: left_to_substring_sql,
    480            exp.Levenshtein: unsupported_args("ins_cost", "del_cost", "sub_cost", "max_dist")(
    481                rename_func("LEVENSHTEIN_DISTANCE")
    482            ),
    483            exp.LogicalAnd: rename_func("BOOL_AND"),
    484            exp.LogicalOr: rename_func("BOOL_OR"),
    485            exp.Pivot: no_pivot_sql,
    486            exp.Quantile: _quantile_sql,
    487            exp.RegexpExtract: regexp_extract_sql,
    488            exp.RegexpExtractAll: regexp_extract_sql,
    489            exp.Right: right_to_substring_sql,
    490            exp.Schema: _schema_sql,
    491            exp.SchemaCommentProperty: lambda self, e: self.naked_property(e),
    492            exp.Select: transforms.preprocess(
    493                [
    494                    transforms.eliminate_window_clause,
    495                    transforms.eliminate_qualify,
    496                    transforms.eliminate_distinct_on,
    497                    transforms.explode_projection_to_unnest(1),
    498                    transforms.eliminate_semi_and_anti_joins,
    499                    amend_exploded_column_table,
    500                ]
    501            ),
    502            exp.SortArray: _no_sort_array,
    503            exp.StrPosition: lambda self, e: strposition_sql(self, e, supports_occurrence=True),
    504            exp.StrToDate: lambda self, e: f"CAST({_str_to_time_sql(self, e)} AS DATE)",
    505            exp.StrToMap: rename_func("SPLIT_TO_MAP"),
    506            exp.StrToTime: _str_to_time_sql,
    507            exp.StructExtract: struct_extract_sql,
    508            exp.Table: transforms.preprocess([transforms.unnest_generate_series]),
    509            exp.Timestamp: no_timestamp_sql,
    510            exp.TimestampAdd: _date_delta_sql("DATE_ADD"),
    511            exp.TimestampTrunc: timestamptrunc_sql(),
    512            exp.TimeStrToDate: timestrtotime_sql,
    513            exp.TimeStrToTime: timestrtotime_sql,
    514            exp.TimeStrToUnix: lambda self, e: self.func(
    515                "TO_UNIXTIME", self.func("DATE_PARSE", e.this, Presto.TIME_FORMAT)
    516            ),
    517            exp.TimeToStr: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    518            exp.TimeToUnix: rename_func("TO_UNIXTIME"),
    519            exp.ToChar: lambda self, e: self.func("DATE_FORMAT", e.this, self.format_time(e)),
    520            exp.TryCast: transforms.preprocess([transforms.epoch_cast_to_ts]),
    521            exp.TsOrDiToDi: lambda self,
    522            e: f"CAST(SUBSTR(REPLACE(CAST({self.sql(e, 'this')} AS VARCHAR), '-', ''), 1, 8) AS INT)",
    523            exp.TsOrDsAdd: _ts_or_ds_add_sql,
    524            exp.TsOrDsDiff: _ts_or_ds_diff_sql,
    525            exp.TsOrDsToDate: _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql,
    526            exp.Unhex: rename_func("FROM_HEX"),
    527            exp.UnixToStr: lambda self,
    528            e: f"DATE_FORMAT(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}), {self.format_time(e)})",
    529            exp.UnixToTime: _unix_to_time_sql,
    530            exp.UnixToTimeStr: lambda self,
    531            e: f"CAST(FROM_UNIXTIME({self.sql(e, 'this')}) AS VARCHAR)",
    532            exp.VariancePop: rename_func("VAR_POP"),
    533            exp.With: transforms.preprocess([transforms.add_recursive_cte_column_names]),
    534            exp.WithinGroup: transforms.preprocess(
    535                [transforms.remove_within_group_for_percentiles]
    536            ),
    537            exp.Xor: bool_xor_sql,
    538            exp.MD5Digest: rename_func("MD5"),
    539            exp.SHA: rename_func("SHA1"),
    540            exp.SHA2: sha256_sql,
    541        }
    542
    543        RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {
    544            "alter",
    545            "and",
    546            "as",
    547            "between",
    548            "by",
    549            "case",
    550            "cast",
    551            "constraint",
    552            "create",
    553            "cross",
    554            "current_time",
    555            "current_timestamp",
    556            "deallocate",
    557            "delete",
    558            "describe",
    559            "distinct",
    560            "drop",
    561            "else",
    562            "end",
    563            "escape",
    564            "except",
    565            "execute",
    566            "exists",
    567            "extract",
    568            "false",
    569            "for",
    570            "from",
    571            "full",
    572            "group",
    573            "having",
    574            "in",
    575            "inner",
    576            "insert",
    577            "intersect",
    578            "into",
    579            "is",
    580            "join",
    581            "left",
    582            "like",
    583            "natural",
    584            "not",
    585            "null",
    586            "on",
    587            "or",
    588            "order",
    589            "outer",
    590            "prepare",
    591            "right",
    592            "select",
    593            "table",
    594            "then",
    595            "true",
    596            "union",
    597            "using",
    598            "values",
    599            "when",
    600            "where",
    601            "with",
    602        }
    603
    604        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    605            this = expression.this
    606            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    607
    608            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    609                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    610
    611                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    612
    613            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    614                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    615
    616            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)
    617
    618        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    619            this = expression.this
    620
    621            if not this.type:
    622                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    623
    624                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    625
    626            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    627                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    628
    629            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))
    630
    631        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    632            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    633            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    634            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    635            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    636            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    637            this = expression.this
    638            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    639            value_as_timestamp = (
    640                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    641            )
    642
    643            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    644
    645            formatted_value = self.func(
    646                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    647            )
    648            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    649                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    650                formatted_value,
    651                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    652            )
    653            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    654            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)
    655
    656        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    657            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    658                return self.func(
    659                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    660                    expression.this,
    661                    seq_get(
    662                        apply_index_offset(
    663                            expression.this,
    664                            expression.expressions,
    665                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    666                            dialect=self.dialect,
    667                        ),
    668                        0,
    669                    ),
    670                )
    671            return super().bracket_sql(expression)
    672
    673        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    674            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    675
    676            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    677            values: t.List[str] = []
    678            schema: t.List[str] = []
    679            unknown_type = False
    680
    681            for e in expression.expressions:
    682                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    683                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    684                        unknown_type = True
    685                    else:
    686                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    687                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    688                else:
    689                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    690
    691            size = len(expression.expressions)
    692
    693            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    694                if unknown_type:
    695                    self.unsupported(
    696                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    697                    )
    698                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    699            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"
    700
    701        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    702            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    703                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    704            return super().interval_sql(expression)
    705
    706        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    707            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    708            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    709            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"
    710
    711        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    712            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    713        ) -> t.List[str]:
    714            return [
    715                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    716                self.sql(limit),
    717            ]
    718
    719        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    720            """
    721            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    722            so we need to remove them
    723            """
    724            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    725            schema = expression.this
    726            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    727                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    728            return super().create_sql(expression)
    729
    730        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    731            """
    732            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    733            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    734            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    735            """
    736            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    737            if len(tables) > 1:
    738                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    739
    740            table = tables[0]
    741            expression.set("this", table)
    742            expression.set("tables", None)
    743
    744            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    745                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    746                if table_alias:
    747                    table_alias.pop()
    748                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    749
    750            return super().delete_sql(expression)
    751
    752        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    753            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    754
    755            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    756            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    757            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    758                return self.func(
    759                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    760                )
    761
    762            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    763
    764            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    765            segments = []
    766            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    767                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    768                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    769                    self.unsupported(
    770                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    771                    )
    772                    continue
    773                key = path_key.this
    774                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    775                    key = f'"{key}"'
    776                segments.append(f".{key}")
    777
    778            expr = "".join(segments)
    779
    780            return f"{this}{expr}"
    781
    782        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    783            return self.func(
    784                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    785                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    786                expression.args.get("separator"),
    787            )

Generator converts a given syntax tree to the corresponding SQL string.

###### Arguments:

- pretty: Whether to format the produced SQL string. Default: False.
- identify: Determines when an identifier should be quoted. Possible values are: False (default): Never quote, except in cases where it's mandatory by the dialect. True or 'always': Always quote. 'safe': Only quote identifiers that are case insensitive.
- normalize: Whether to normalize identifiers to lowercase. Default: False.
- pad: The pad size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of a projection in a query, relative to its nesting level. Default: 2.
- indent: The indentation size in a formatted string. For example, this affects the indentation of subqueries and filters under a `WHERE` clause. Default: 2.
- normalize_functions: How to normalize function names. Possible values are: "upper" or True (default): Convert names to uppercase. "lower": Convert names to lowercase. False: Disables function name normalization.
- unsupported_level: Determines the generator's behavior when it encounters unsupported expressions. Default ErrorLevel.WARN.
- max_unsupported: Maximum number of unsupported messages to include in a raised UnsupportedError. This is only relevant if unsupported_level is ErrorLevel.RAISE. Default: 3
- leading_comma: Whether the comma is leading or trailing in select expressions. This is only relevant when generating in pretty mode. Default: False
- max_text_width: The max number of characters in a segment before creating new lines in pretty mode. The default is on the smaller end because the length only represents a segment and not the true line length. Default: 80
- comments: Whether to preserve comments in the output SQL code. Default: True

INTERVAL_ALLOWS_PLURAL_FORM = False
JOIN_HINTS = False
TABLE_HINTS = False
QUERY_HINTS = False
IS_BOOL_ALLOWED = False
TZ_TO_WITH_TIME_ZONE = True
NVL2_SUPPORTED = False
STRUCT_DELIMITER = ('(', ')')
LIMIT_ONLY_LITERALS = True
SUPPORTS_SINGLE_ARG_CONCAT = False
LIKE_PROPERTY_INSIDE_SCHEMA = True
MULTI_ARG_DISTINCT = False
SUPPORTS_TO_NUMBER = False
HEX_FUNC = 'TO_HEX'
PARSE_JSON_NAME = 'JSON_PARSE'
PAD_FILL_PATTERN_IS_REQUIRED = True
EXCEPT_INTERSECT_SUPPORT_ALL_CLAUSE = False
SUPPORTS_MEDIAN = False
ARRAY_SIZE_NAME = 'CARDINALITY'
PROPERTIES_LOCATION = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AlgorithmProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoIncrementProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BlockCompressionProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ChecksumProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cluster'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistributedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DuplicateKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataBlocksizeProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DataDeletionProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefinerProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictRange'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DistStyleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EngineProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EnviromentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FallbackProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FreespaceProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IncludeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IsolatedLoadingProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JournalProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LikeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LockingProperty'>: <Location.POST_ALIAS: 'POST_ALIAS'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeBlockRatioProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Order'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByProperty'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedOfProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PrimaryKey'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Property'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatDelimitedProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RowFormatSerdeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SerdeProperties'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Set'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SequenceProperties'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortKeyProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StorageHandlerProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <Location.POST_WITH: 'POST_WITH'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MergeTreeTTL'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <Location.UNSUPPORTED: 'UNSUPPORTED'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithDataProperty'>: <Location.POST_EXPRESSION: 'POST_EXPRESSION'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <Location.POST_NAME: 'POST_NAME'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSystemVersioningProperty'>: <Location.POST_SCHEMA: 'POST_SCHEMA'>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <Location.POST_CREATE: 'POST_CREATE'>}
TYPE_MAPPING = {<Type.DATETIME2: 'DATETIME2'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.NCHAR: 'NCHAR'>: 'CHAR', <Type.NVARCHAR: 'NVARCHAR'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.MEDIUMTEXT: 'MEDIUMTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.LONGTEXT: 'LONGTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.TINYTEXT: 'TINYTEXT'>: 'TEXT', <Type.BLOB: 'BLOB'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.MEDIUMBLOB: 'MEDIUMBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.LONGBLOB: 'LONGBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.TINYBLOB: 'TINYBLOB'>: 'BLOB', <Type.INET: 'INET'>: 'INET', <Type.ROWVERSION: 'ROWVERSION'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.SMALLDATETIME: 'SMALLDATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.BINARY: 'BINARY'>: 'VARBINARY', <Type.BIT: 'BIT'>: 'BOOLEAN', <Type.DATETIME: 'DATETIME'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.DATETIME64: 'DATETIME64'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.FLOAT: 'FLOAT'>: 'REAL', <Type.HLLSKETCH: 'HLLSKETCH'>: 'HYPERLOGLOG', <Type.INT: 'INT'>: 'INTEGER', <Type.STRUCT: 'STRUCT'>: 'ROW', <Type.TEXT: 'TEXT'>: 'VARCHAR', <Type.TIMESTAMPTZ: 'TIMESTAMPTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMESTAMPNTZ: 'TIMESTAMPNTZ'>: 'TIMESTAMP', <Type.TIMETZ: 'TIMETZ'>: 'TIME'}
TRANSFORMS = {<class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathFilter'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathKey'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRecursive'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathRoot'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathScript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSelector'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSlice'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathSubscript'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathUnion'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.JSONPathWildcard'>: <function <lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AllowedValuesProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeColumns'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnalyzeWith'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContainsAll'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayOverlaps'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AutoRefreshProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BackupProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CaseSpecificColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Ceil'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CharacterSetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CollateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CommentColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConnectByRoot'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ConvertToCharset'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CopyGrantsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CredentialsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateFormatColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DefaultColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DynamicProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EmptyProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EncodeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EnviromentProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.EphemeralColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExcludeColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExecuteAsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Except'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ExternalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Floor'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Get'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GlobalProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.HeapProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IcebergProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InheritsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InlineLengthColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.InputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Intersect'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.IntervalSpan'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Int64'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LanguageProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LocationProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MaterializedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NonClusteredColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NoPrimaryIndexProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.NotForReplicationColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnCommitProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OnUpdateColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Operator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.OutputModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PathColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionedByBucket'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PartitionByTruncate'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.PivotAny'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ProjectionPolicyColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Put'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RemoteWithConnectionModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ReturnsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SampleProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecureProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetConfigProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SetProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SettingsProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SharingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlReadWriteProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SqlSecurityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StabilityProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Stream'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StreamingTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrictProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SwapTable'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Tags'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TemporaryProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TitleColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransformModelProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TransientProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Union'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnloggedProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingTemplateProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UsingData'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Uuid'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UppercaseColumnConstraint'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VarMap'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ViewAttributeProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VolatileProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithJournalTableProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithProcedureOptions'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithSchemaBindingProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithOperator'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ForceProperty'>: <function Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AnyValue'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ApproxQuantile'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMax'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArgMin'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Array'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayAny'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayConcat'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayContains'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayToString'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ArrayUniqueAgg'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.AtTimeZone'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseAnd'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseLeftShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseNot'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseOr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseRightShift'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.BitwiseXor'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Cast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTime'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentTimestamp'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.CurrentUser'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateDiff'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateStrToDate'>: <function datestrtodate_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DateSub'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeek'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DayOfWeekIso'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Decode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.DiToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Encode'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FileFormatProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.First'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.FromTimeZone'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateSeries'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.GenerateDateArray'>: <function sequence_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Group'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.If'>: <function if_sql.<locals>._if_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ILike'>: <function no_ilike_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Initcap'>: <function _initcap_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Last'>: <function _first_last_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LastDay'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Lateral'>: <function _explode_to_unnest_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Left'>: <function left_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Levenshtein'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalAnd'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.LogicalOr'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Pivot'>: <function no_pivot_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Quantile'>: <function _quantile_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtract'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.RegexpExtractAll'>: <function regexp_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Right'>: <function right_to_substring_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Schema'>: <function _schema_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SchemaCommentProperty'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Select'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SortArray'>: <function _no_sort_array>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrPosition'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToDate'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToMap'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StrToTime'>: <function _str_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.StructExtract'>: <function struct_extract_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Table'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Timestamp'>: <function no_timestamp_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampAdd'>: <function _date_delta_sql.<locals>._delta_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimestampTrunc'>: <function timestamptrunc_sql.<locals>._timestamptrunc_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToDate'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToTime'>: <function timestrtotime_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeStrToUnix'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TimeToUnix'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.ToChar'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TryCast'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDiToDi'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsAdd'>: <function _ts_or_ds_add_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsDiff'>: <function _ts_or_ds_diff_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.TsOrDsToDate'>: <function _ts_or_ds_to_date_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Unhex'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTime'>: <function _unix_to_time_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.UnixToTimeStr'>: <function Presto.Generator.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.VariancePop'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.With'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.WithinGroup'>: <function preprocess.<locals>._to_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.Xor'>: <function bool_xor_sql>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.MD5Digest'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA'>: <function rename_func.<locals>.<lambda>>, <class 'sqlglot.expressions.SHA2'>: <function sha256_sql>}
RESERVED_KEYWORDS = {'from', 'then', 'right', 'true', 'when', 'cast', 'between', 'order', 'create', 'for', 'case', 'or', 'prepare', 'constraint', 'into', 'except', 'current_timestamp', 'having', 'is', 'cross', 'distinct', 'execute', 'end', 'insert', 'drop', 'in', 'current_time', 'by', 'not', 'as', 'join', 'select', 'natural', 'false', 'null', 'table', 'where', 'and', 'escape', 'on', 'else', 'using', 'deallocate', 'extract', 'full', 'outer', 'with', 'exists', 'like', 'intersect', 'left', 'delete', 'alter', 'values', 'inner', 'union', 'group', 'describe'}
def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONFormat) -> str: View Source

    604        def jsonformat_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONFormat) -> str:
    605            this = expression.this
    606            is_json = expression.args.get("is_json")
    607
    608            if this and not (is_json or this.type):
    609                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    610
    611                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    612
    613            if not (is_json or this.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.JSON)):
    614                this.replace(exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.JSON))
    615
    616            return self.function_fallback_sql(expression)

def md5_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.MD5) -> str: View Source

    618        def md5_sql(self, expression: exp.MD5) -> str:
    619            this = expression.this
    620
    621            if not this.type:
    622                from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    623
    624                this = annotate_types(this, dialect=self.dialect)
    625
    626            if this.is_type(*exp.DataType.TEXT_TYPES):
    627                this = exp.Encode(this=this, charset=exp.Literal.string("utf-8"))
    628
    629            return self.func("LOWER", self.func("TO_HEX", self.func("MD5", self.sql(this))))

def strtounix_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.StrToUnix) -> str: View Source

    631        def strtounix_sql(self, expression: exp.StrToUnix) -> str:
    632            # Since `TO_UNIXTIME` requires a `TIMESTAMP`, we need to parse the argument into one.
    633            # To do this, we first try to `DATE_PARSE` it, but since this can fail when there's a
    634            # timezone involved, we wrap it in a `TRY` call and use `PARSE_DATETIME` as a fallback,
    635            # which seems to be using the same time mapping as Hive, as per:
    636            # https://joda-time.sourceforge.net/apidocs/org/joda/time/format/DateTimeFormat.html
    637            this = expression.this
    638            value_as_text = exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TEXT)
    639            value_as_timestamp = (
    640                exp.cast(this, exp.DataType.Type.TIMESTAMP) if this.is_string else this
    641            )
    642
    643            parse_without_tz = self.func("DATE_PARSE", value_as_text, self.format_time(expression))
    644
    645            formatted_value = self.func(
    646                "DATE_FORMAT", value_as_timestamp, self.format_time(expression)
    647            )
    648            parse_with_tz = self.func(
    649                "PARSE_DATETIME",
    650                formatted_value,
    651                self.format_time(expression, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_MAPPING, Hive.INVERSE_TIME_TRIE),
    652            )
    653            coalesced = self.func("COALESCE", self.func("TRY", parse_without_tz), parse_with_tz)
    654            return self.func("TO_UNIXTIME", coalesced)

def bracket_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Bracket) -> str: View Source

    656        def bracket_sql(self, expression: exp.Bracket) -> str:
    657            if expression.args.get("safe"):
    658                return self.func(
    659                    "ELEMENT_AT",
    660                    expression.this,
    661                    seq_get(
    662                        apply_index_offset(
    663                            expression.this,
    664                            expression.expressions,
    665                            1 - expression.args.get("offset", 0),
    666                            dialect=self.dialect,
    667                        ),
    668                        0,
    669                    ),
    670                )
    671            return super().bracket_sql(expression)

def struct_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Struct) -> str: View Source

    673        def struct_sql(self, expression: exp.Struct) -> str:
    674            from sqlglot.optimizer.annotate_types import annotate_types
    675
    676            expression = annotate_types(expression, dialect=self.dialect)
    677            values: t.List[str] = []
    678            schema: t.List[str] = []
    679            unknown_type = False
    680
    681            for e in expression.expressions:
    682                if isinstance(e, exp.PropertyEQ):
    683                    if e.type and e.type.is_type(exp.DataType.Type.UNKNOWN):
    684                        unknown_type = True
    685                    else:
    686                        schema.append(f"{self.sql(e, 'this')} {self.sql(e.type)}")
    687                    values.append(self.sql(e, "expression"))
    688                else:
    689                    values.append(self.sql(e))
    690
    691            size = len(expression.expressions)
    692
    693            if not size or len(schema) != size:
    694                if unknown_type:
    695                    self.unsupported(
    696                        "Cannot convert untyped key-value definitions (try annotate_types)."
    697                    )
    698                return self.func("ROW", *values)
    699            return f"CAST(ROW({', '.join(values)}) AS ROW({', '.join(schema)}))"

def interval_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Interval) -> str: View Source

    701        def interval_sql(self, expression: exp.Interval) -> str:
    702            if expression.this and expression.text("unit").upper().startswith("WEEK"):
    703                return f"({expression.this.name} * INTERVAL '7' DAY)"
    704            return super().interval_sql(expression)

def transaction_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Transaction) -> str: View Source

    706        def transaction_sql(self, expression: exp.Transaction) -> str:
    707            modes = expression.args.get("modes")
    708            modes = f" {', '.join(modes)}" if modes else ""
    709            return f"START TRANSACTION{modes}"

def offset_limit_modifiers( self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: Union[sqlglot.expressions.Fetch, sqlglot.expressions.Limit, NoneType]) -> List[str]: View Source

    711        def offset_limit_modifiers(
    712            self, expression: exp.Expression, fetch: bool, limit: t.Optional[exp.Fetch | exp.Limit]
    713        ) -> t.List[str]:
    714            return [
    715                self.sql(expression, "offset"),
    716                self.sql(limit),
    717            ]

def create_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Create) -> str: View Source

    719        def create_sql(self, expression: exp.Create) -> str:
    720            """
    721            Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression),
    722            so we need to remove them
    723            """
    724            kind = expression.args["kind"]
    725            schema = expression.this
    726            if kind == "VIEW" and schema.expressions:
    727                expression.this.set("expressions", None)
    728            return super().create_sql(expression)

Presto doesn't support CREATE VIEW with expressions (ex: `CREATE VIEW x (cola)` then `(cola)` is the expression), so we need to remove them

def delete_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.Delete) -> str: View Source

    730        def delete_sql(self, expression: exp.Delete) -> str:
    731            """
    732            Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need
    733            to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more
    734            than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.
    735            """
    736            tables = expression.args.get("tables") or [expression.this]
    737            if len(tables) > 1:
    738                return super().delete_sql(expression)
    739
    740            table = tables[0]
    741            expression.set("this", table)
    742            expression.set("tables", None)
    743
    744            if isinstance(table, exp.Table):
    745                table_alias = table.args.get("alias")
    746                if table_alias:
    747                    table_alias.pop()
    748                    expression = t.cast(exp.Delete, expression.transform(unqualify_columns))
    749
    750            return super().delete_sql(expression)

Presto only supports DELETE FROM for a single table without an alias, so we need to remove the unnecessary parts. If the original DELETE statement contains more than one table to be deleted, we can't safely map it 1-1 to a Presto statement.

def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.JSONExtract) -> str: View Source

    752        def jsonextract_sql(self, expression: exp.JSONExtract) -> str:
    753            is_json_extract = self.dialect.settings.get("variant_extract_is_json_extract", True)
    754
    755            # Generate JSON_EXTRACT unless the user has configured that a Snowflake / Databricks
    756            # VARIANT extract (e.g. col:x.y) should map to dot notation (i.e ROW access) in Presto/Trino
    757            if not expression.args.get("variant_extract") or is_json_extract:
    758                return self.func(
    759                    "JSON_EXTRACT", expression.this, expression.expression, *expression.expressions
    760                )
    761
    762            this = self.sql(expression, "this")
    763
    764            # Convert the JSONPath extraction `JSON_EXTRACT(col, '$.x.y) to a ROW access col.x.y
    765            segments = []
    766            for path_key in expression.expression.expressions[1:]:
    767                if not isinstance(path_key, exp.JSONPathKey):
    768                    # Cannot transpile subscripts, wildcards etc to dot notation
    769                    self.unsupported(
    770                        f"Cannot transpile JSONPath segment '{path_key}' to ROW access"
    771                    )
    772                    continue
    773                key = path_key.this
    774                if not exp.SAFE_IDENTIFIER_RE.match(key):
    775                    key = f'"{key}"'
    776                segments.append(f".{key}")
    777
    778            expr = "".join(segments)
    779
    780            return f"{this}{expr}"

def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: sqlglot.expressions.GroupConcat) -> str: View Source

    782        def groupconcat_sql(self, expression: exp.GroupConcat) -> str:
    783            return self.func(
    784                "ARRAY_JOIN",
    785                self.func("ARRAY_AGG", expression.this),
    786                expression.args.get("separator"),
    787            )

SELECT_KINDS: Tuple[str, ...] = ()
AFTER_HAVING_MODIFIER_TRANSFORMS = {'windows': <function Generator.<lambda>>, 'qualify': <function Generator.<lambda>>}

##### Inherited Members

sqlglot.generator.Generator
  Generator
  NULL_ORDERING_SUPPORTED
  IGNORE_NULLS_IN_FUNC
  LOCKING_READS_SUPPORTED
  WRAP_DERIVED_VALUES
  CREATE_FUNCTION_RETURN_AS
  MATCHED_BY_SOURCE
  SINGLE_STRING_INTERVAL
  LIMIT_FETCH
  RENAME_TABLE_WITH_DB
  GROUPINGS_SEP
  INDEX_ON
  QUERY_HINT_SEP
  DUPLICATE_KEY_UPDATE_WITH_SET
  LIMIT_IS_TOP
  RETURNING_END
  EXTRACT_ALLOWS_QUOTES
  VALUES_AS_TABLE
  ALTER_TABLE_INCLUDE_COLUMN_KEYWORD
  UNNEST_WITH_ORDINALITY
  AGGREGATE_FILTER_SUPPORTED
  SEMI_ANTI_JOIN_WITH_SIDE
  COMPUTED_COLUMN_WITH_TYPE
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_COPY
  TABLESAMPLE_REQUIRES_PARENS
  TABLESAMPLE_SIZE_IS_ROWS
  TABLESAMPLE_KEYWORDS
  TABLESAMPLE_WITH_METHOD
  TABLESAMPLE_SEED_KEYWORD
  COLLATE_IS_FUNC
  DATA_TYPE_SPECIFIERS_ALLOWED
  ENSURE_BOOLS
  CTE_RECURSIVE_KEYWORD_REQUIRED
  LAST_DAY_SUPPORTS_DATE_PART
  SUPPORTS_TABLE_ALIAS_COLUMNS
  UNPIVOT_ALIASES_ARE_IDENTIFIERS
  JSON_KEY_VALUE_PAIR_SEP
  INSERT_OVERWRITE
  SUPPORTS_SELECT_INTO
  SUPPORTS_UNLOGGED_TABLES
  SUPPORTS_CREATE_TABLE_LIKE
  JSON_TYPE_REQUIRED_FOR_EXTRACTION
  JSON_PATH_BRACKETED_KEY_SUPPORTED
  JSON_PATH_SINGLE_QUOTE_ESCAPE
  SUPPORTED_JSON_PATH_PARTS
  CAN_IMPLEMENT_ARRAY_ANY
  SUPPORTS_WINDOW_EXCLUDE
  SET_OP_MODIFIERS
  COPY_PARAMS_ARE_WRAPPED
  COPY_PARAMS_EQ_REQUIRED
  COPY_HAS_INTO_KEYWORD
  TRY_SUPPORTED
  SUPPORTS_UESCAPE
  STAR_EXCEPT
  WITH_PROPERTIES_PREFIX
  QUOTE_JSON_PATH
  SUPPORTS_EXPLODING_PROJECTIONS
  ARRAY_CONCAT_IS_VAR_LEN
  SUPPORTS_CONVERT_TIMEZONE
  SUPPORTS_UNIX_SECONDS
  ALTER_SET_TYPE
  ARRAY_SIZE_DIM_REQUIRED
  TIME_PART_SINGULARS
  TOKEN_MAPPING
  PARAMETER_TOKEN
  NAMED_PLACEHOLDER_TOKEN
  EXPRESSION_PRECEDES_PROPERTIES_CREATABLES
  WITH_SEPARATED_COMMENTS
  EXCLUDE_COMMENTS
  UNWRAPPED_INTERVAL_VALUES
  PARAMETERIZABLE_TEXT_TYPES
  EXPRESSIONS_WITHOUT_NESTED_CTES
  SENTINEL_LINE_BREAK
  pretty
  identify
  normalize
  pad
  unsupported_level
  max_unsupported
  leading_comma
  max_text_width
  comments
  dialect
  normalize_functions
  unsupported_messages
  generate
  preprocess
  unsupported
  sep
  seg
  pad_comment
  maybe_comment
  wrap
  no_identify
  normalize_func
  indent
  sql
  uncache_sql
  cache_sql
  characterset_sql
  column_parts
  column_sql
  columnposition_sql
  columndef_sql
  columnconstraint_sql
  computedcolumnconstraint_sql
  autoincrementcolumnconstraint_sql
  compresscolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasidentitycolumnconstraint_sql
  generatedasrowcolumnconstraint_sql
  periodforsystemtimeconstraint_sql
  notnullcolumnconstraint_sql
  transformcolumnconstraint_sql
  primarykeycolumnconstraint_sql
  uniquecolumnconstraint_sql
  createable_sql
  sequenceproperties_sql
  clone_sql
  describe_sql
  heredoc_sql
  prepend_ctes
  with_sql
  cte_sql
  tablealias_sql
  bitstring_sql
  hexstring_sql
  bytestring_sql
  unicodestring_sql
  rawstring_sql
  datatypeparam_sql
  datatype_sql
  directory_sql
  drop_sql
  set_operation
  set_operations
  fetch_sql
  limitoptions_sql
  filter_sql
  hint_sql
  indexparameters_sql
  index_sql
  identifier_sql
  hex_sql
  lowerhex_sql
  inputoutputformat_sql
  national_sql
  partition_sql
  properties_sql
  root_properties
  properties
  with_properties
  locate_properties
  property_name
  property_sql
  likeproperty_sql
  fallbackproperty_sql
  journalproperty_sql
  freespaceproperty_sql
  checksumproperty_sql
  mergeblockratioproperty_sql
  datablocksizeproperty_sql
  blockcompressionproperty_sql
  isolatedloadingproperty_sql
  partitionboundspec_sql
  partitionedofproperty_sql
  lockingproperty_sql
  withdataproperty_sql
  withsystemversioningproperty_sql
  insert_sql
  introducer_sql
  kill_sql
  pseudotype_sql
  objectidentifier_sql
  onconflict_sql
  returning_sql
  rowformatdelimitedproperty_sql
  withtablehint_sql
  indextablehint_sql
  historicaldata_sql
  table_parts
  table_sql
  tablefromrows_sql
  tablesample_sql
  pivot_sql
  version_sql
  tuple_sql
  update_sql
  values_sql
  var_sql
  into_sql
  from_sql
  groupingsets_sql
  rollup_sql
  cube_sql
  group_sql
  having_sql
  connect_sql
  prior_sql
  join_sql
  lambda_sql
  lateral_op
  lateral_sql
  limit_sql
  offset_sql
  setitem_sql
  set_sql
  pragma_sql
  lock_sql
  literal_sql
  escape_str
  loaddata_sql
  null_sql
  boolean_sql
  order_sql
  withfill_sql
  cluster_sql
  distribute_sql
  sort_sql
  ordered_sql
  matchrecognizemeasure_sql
  matchrecognize_sql
  query_modifiers
  options_modifier
  queryoption_sql
  after_limit_modifiers
  select_sql
  schema_sql
  schema_columns_sql
  star_sql
  parameter_sql
  sessionparameter_sql
  placeholder_sql
  subquery_sql
  qualify_sql
  unnest_sql
  prewhere_sql
  where_sql
  window_sql
  partition_by_sql
  windowspec_sql
  withingroup_sql
  between_sql
  bracket_offset_expressions
  all_sql
  any_sql
  exists_sql
  case_sql
  constraint_sql
  nextvaluefor_sql
  extract_sql
  trim_sql
  convert_concat_args
  concat_sql
  concatws_sql
  check_sql
  foreignkey_sql
  primarykey_sql
  if_sql
  matchagainst_sql
  jsonkeyvalue_sql
  jsonpath_sql
  json_path_part
  formatjson_sql
  jsonobject_sql
  jsonobjectagg_sql
  jsonarray_sql
  jsonarrayagg_sql
  jsoncolumndef_sql
  jsonschema_sql
  jsontable_sql
  openjsoncolumndef_sql
  openjson_sql
  in_sql
  in_unnest_op
  return_sql
  reference_sql
  anonymous_sql
  paren_sql
  neg_sql
  not_sql
  alias_sql
  pivotalias_sql
  aliases_sql
  atindex_sql
  attimezone_sql
  fromtimezone_sql
  add_sql
  and_sql
  or_sql
  xor_sql
  connector_sql
  bitwiseand_sql
  bitwiseleftshift_sql
  bitwisenot_sql
  bitwiseor_sql
  bitwiserightshift_sql
  bitwisexor_sql
  cast_sql
  currentdate_sql
  collate_sql
  command_sql
  comment_sql
  mergetreettlaction_sql
  mergetreettl_sql
  commit_sql
  rollback_sql
  altercolumn_sql
  alterindex_sql
  alterdiststyle_sql
  altersortkey_sql
  alterrename_sql
  renamecolumn_sql
  alterset_sql
  alter_sql
  add_column_sql
  droppartition_sql
  addconstraint_sql
  distinct_sql
  ignorenulls_sql
  respectnulls_sql
  havingmax_sql
  intdiv_sql
  dpipe_sql
  div_sql
  safedivide_sql
  overlaps_sql
  distance_sql
  dot_sql
  eq_sql
  propertyeq_sql
  escape_sql
  glob_sql
  gt_sql
  gte_sql
  ilike_sql
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  unpivotcolumns_sql
  analyzesample_sql
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  xmltable_sql
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  recursivewithsearch_sql
  parameterizedagg_sql
  anonymousaggfunc_sql
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  translatecharacters_sql