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= mergecap(1)
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== NAME

mergecap - Merges two or more capture files into one

== SYNOPSIS

[manarg]
*mergecap*
[ *-a* ]
[ *-F* <__file format__> ]
[ *-I* <__IDB merge mode__> ]
[ *-s* <__snaplen__> ]
[ *-V* ]
*-w* <__outfile__>|-
<__infile__> [<__infile__> __...__]

[manarg]
*mergecap*
*-h|--help*

[manarg]
*mergecap*
*-v|--version*

== DESCRIPTION

*Mergecap* is a program that combines multiple saved capture files into
a single output file specified by the *-w* argument.  *Mergecap* knows
how to read *pcap* and *pcapng* capture files, including those of
*tcpdump*, *Wireshark* and other tools that write captures in those
formats.

By default, *Mergecap* writes the capture file in *pcapng* format, and
writes all of the packets from the input capture files to the output file.

*Mergecap* is able to detect, read and write the same capture files that
are supported by *Wireshark*.
The input files don't need a specific filename extension; the file
format and an optional gzip, zstd or lz4 compression will be automatically detected.
Near the beginning of the DESCRIPTION section of xref:wireshark.html[wireshark](1) or
https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages/wireshark.html
is a detailed description of the way *Wireshark* handles this, which is
the same way *Mergecap* handles this.

*Mergecap* can write the file in several output formats.
The *-F* flag can be used to specify the format in which to write the
capture file, *mergecap -F* provides a list of the available output
formats.

Packets from the input files are merged in chronological order based on
each frame's timestamp, unless the *-a* flag is specified.  *Mergecap*
assumes that frames within a single capture file are already stored in
chronological order.  When the *-a* flag is specified, packets are
copied directly from each input file to the output file, independent of
each frame's timestamp.

The output file frame encapsulation type is set to the type of the input
files if all input files have the same type.  If not all of the input
files have the same frame encapsulation type, the output file type is
set to WTAP_ENCAP_PER_PACKET.  Note that some capture file formats, most
notably *pcap*, do not currently support WTAP_ENCAP_PER_PACKET.
This combination will cause the output file creation to fail.

== OPTIONS

-a::
+
--
Causes the frame timestamps to be ignored, writing all packets from the
first input file followed by all packets from the second input file.  By
default, when *-a* is not specified, the contents of the input files
are merged in chronological order based on each frame's timestamp.

Note: when merging, *mergecap* assumes that packets within a capture
file are already in chronological order.
--

-F  <file format>::
+
--
Sets the file format of the output capture file. *Mergecap* can write
the file in several formats; *mergecap -F* provides a list of the
available output formats.  By default this is the *pcapng* format.
--

-h|--help::
Print the version number and options and exit.

-I  <IDB merge mode>::
+
--
Sets the Interface Description Block (IDB) merge mode to use during merging.
*mergecap -I* provides a list of the available IDB merge modes.

Every input file has one or more IDBs, which describe the interface(s) the
capture was performed on originally. This includes encapsulation type,
interface name, etc. When mergecap merges multiple input files, it has to
merge these IDBs somehow for the new merged output file. This flag controls
how that is accomplished. The currently available modes are:

*none*: No merging of IDBs is performed, and instead all IDBs are
copied to the merged output file.

*all*: IDBs are merged only if all input files have the same number
of IDBs, and each IDB matches their respective entry in the
other files. (Only the IDBs that occur at the beginning of the files,
before any packet blocks, are compared. IDBs that occur later in the
files are merged with duplicates iff the initial IDBs were merged.)
This is the default mode.

*any*: Any and all duplicate IDBs are merged into one IDB, regardless
of what file they are in.

Note that an IDB is only considered a matching duplicate if it has the same
encapsulation type, name, speed, time precision, comments, description, etc.
--

-s  <snaplen>::
+
--
Sets the snapshot length to use when writing the data.
If the *-s* flag is used to specify a snapshot length, frames in the
input file with more captured data than the specified snapshot length
will have only the amount of data specified by the snapshot length
written to the output file.  This may be useful if the program that is
to read the output file cannot handle packets larger than a certain size
(for example, the versions of snoop in Solaris 2.5.1 and Solaris 2.6
appear to reject Ethernet frames larger than the standard Ethernet MTU,
making them incapable of handling gigabit Ethernet captures if jumbo
frames were used).
--

-v|--version::
Print the full version information and exit.

-V::
Causes *mergecap* to print a number of messages while it's working.

-w  <outfile>|-::
Sets the output filename. If the name is '*-*', stdout will be used.
If the *--compress* option is not given, then the filename extension is
used to deduce the desired compression method, if any; e.g., if the name has
the extension '.gz', then the output file is compressed to a gzip archive.
This setting is mandatory.

--compress <type>::
+
--
Compress the output file using the type compression format.
*--compress* with no argument provides a list of the compression formats supported
for writing. The type given takes precedence over the extension of __outfile__.
--

include::diagnostic-options.adoc[]

== EXAMPLES

To merge two capture files together into a third capture file, in which
the last packet of one file arrives 100 seconds before the first packet
of another file, use the following sequence of commands.

First, use:

    capinfos -aeS a.pcap b.pcap

to determine the start and end times of the two capture files, as
seconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC.

If a.pcap starts at 1009932757 and b.pcap ends at 873660281, then the
time adjustment to b.pcap that would make it end 100 seconds before
a.pcap begins would be 1009932757 - 873660281 - 100 = 136272376 seconds.

Thus, the next step would be to use:

    editcap -t 136272376 b.pcap b-shifted.pcap

to generate a version of b.pcap with its time stamps shifted 136272376
ahead.

Then the final step would be to use :

    mergecap -w compare.pcap a.pcap b-shifted.pcap

to merge a.pcap and the shifted b.pcap into compare.pcap.

== SEE ALSO

xref:https://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/pcap.3pcap.html[pcap](3), xref:wireshark.html[wireshark](1), xref:tshark.html[tshark](1), xref:dumpcap.html[dumpcap](1), xref:editcap.html[editcap](1), xref:text2pcap.html[text2pcap](1),
xref:https://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/pcap-filter.7.html[pcap-filter](7) or xref:https://www.tcpdump.org/manpages/tcpdump.1.html[tcpdump](8)

== NOTES

*Mergecap* is based heavily upon *editcap* by Richard Sharpe
<sharpe[AT]ns.aus.com> and Guy Harris <guy[AT]alum.mit.edu>.

This is the manual page for *Mergecap* {wireshark-version}.
*Mergecap* is part of the *Wireshark* distribution.
The latest version of *Wireshark* can be found at https://www.wireshark.org.

HTML versions of the Wireshark project man pages are available at
https://www.wireshark.org/docs/man-pages.

== AUTHORS

.Original Author
[%hardbreaks]
Scott Renfro <scott[AT]renfro.org>

.Contributors
[%hardbreaks]
Bill Guyton <guyton[AT]bguyton.com>
